Vision in echolocating bats - Fladdermus.net

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to acknowledge Marc Holderied and Julian Partridge for comments on the experimental design and Jens Rydell for comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank John Gustafsson and Catrin Bergqvist for statistical advice. The study was supported by ”Stiftelsen Paul och Marie Berghaus donationsfond”, and ”Adlerbertska forskningsstiftelsen” (JE). Research was performed under licence from English Nature. REFERENCES Ahlén, I. 1981. Identification of Scandinavian bats by their sounds. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife Ecology. Anderson, M. E. & Racey, P. A. 1991. Feeding behaviour of captive long eared-bats, Plecotus auritus. Animal Behaviour, 42, 489-493 Arlettaz, R., Jones, G. & Racey, P. A. 2001. Effect of acoustic clutter on prey detection by bats. Nature, 414, 742-745. Bell, G. P. 1985. The sensory basis of prey location by the California leaf-nosed bat Macrotus californicus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 16, 343-347. Bell, G. P. & Fenton, M. B. 1986. Visual acuity, sensitivity and binocularity in a gleaning insectivorous bat, Macrotus californicus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Animal Behaviour, 34, 409-414. Bradbury, J. & Nottebohm, F. 1969. The use of vision by the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, under controlled conditions. Animal Behaviour, 17, 480-485. Chase, J. 1981.Visually guided escape responses of microchiropteran bats. Animal Behaviour, 29, 708- 713. Chase, J. 1983. Differential responses to visual and acoustic cues during escape in the bat Anoura geoffroyi: cue preferences and behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 31, 526-531. Coles, R. B., Guppy, A., Anderson, M. E. & Schlegel, P. 1989. Frequency sensitivity and directional hearing in the gleaning bat, Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus 1758). Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 165, 269-280. Cranbrook, The Earl of. 1963. Notes on the feeding habits of the long-eared bat. Transaction of Suffolk Natural History Society, 11, 1-3. Davis, R. 1966. Homing performance and homing ability in bats. Ecological Monographs, 36, 201-237. Davis, R. & Barbour, R. W. 1965. The use of vision in flight by the bat Myotis sodalis. The American Midland Naturalist, 74, 497-499. Eisentraut, M. 1950. Dressurvessuche zur festellung eines optischen orientierungsvermögens der fledermmäuse. Verein für Vaterländische Naturkunde In Vürttemberg, Stuttgart, 106, 34-45. 57
Eklöf, J., Tranefors, T. & Vazquez, L. B. 2002. Precedence of visual cues in the emballonurid bat Balantiopteryx plicata. Mammalian Biology, 67, 42-46. Eklöf, J., Svensson, A. M. & Rydell, J. 2002. Northern bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) use vision but not flutter-detection when searching for prey in clutter. Oikos, 99, 347-351. Ellins, S. R. & Masterson, F. A. 1974. Brightness discrimination thresholds in the bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Brain, Behaviour and Evolution, 9, 248-263. Fenton, M. B. 1975. Observations on the biology of some Rhodesian bats, including a key to the Chiroptera of Rhodesia. Life Science Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum, 104, 1-27. Fenton, M. B., Audet, D., Obrist, M. K. & Rydell, J. 1995. Signal strength, timing, and self-deafening: the evolution of echolocation in bats. Paleobiology, 21 (2), 229-242. Grant, J. D. A. 1991. Prey location by two Australian long-eared bats, Nyctophilus gouldi and N. geoffroyi. - Australian Journal of Zoology, 39, 45-56. Griffin, D. R. 1958. Listening in the Dark. New haven: Yale University Press. Griffin, D. R. 1970. Migration and homing of bats. In: Biology of Bats, Vol. II. (Ed. By W. A. Wimsatt), pp. 233-264. New York, Academic Press. Hope, G. M. & Bhatnagar, K. P. 1979. Effect on light adaptation on electrical responses on the retina of four species of bats. Experentia, 35, 1191-1192. Höller, P. & Schmidt, U. 1996. The orientation behaviour of the lesser spearnosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor (Chiroptera) in a model roost. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 179, 245-254. Jensen, M. E., Miller, L. A. and Rydell, J. 2001. Detection of prey in clutter by the northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii. Journal of Experimental Biology, 204, 199- 208. Joermann, G., Schmidt, U. and Schmidt, C. 1988. The mode of orientation during flight and approach to landing in two Phyllostomid bats. Ethology, 78, 332-340. Kalko, E. K. V. & Schnitzler, H.-U. 1993. Plasticity of echolocation signals of European pipistrelle bats in search flight: implications for habitat use and prey detection. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 33, 415-428. Kick, S. 1982. Target-detection by the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 145, 432-435 Land, M. F. & Nilsson, D. E. 2002. Animal Eyes. Oxford Animal Biology Series. Oxford University Press. Marks, J. M. 1980. Retinal ganglion cell topography in bats. MA thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington. Neuweiler, G. & Möhres, F. P. 1966. The role of spatial memory in the orientation. In: Les Systemes Sonars Animaux Biologie et Bionique (Ed. by R. G. Busnel), pp. 129-140. Frascati: NATO Advanced Study Institute. Parsons, S. & Jones, G. 2000. Acoustic identification of twelve species of echolocating bat by discriminant function analysis and artificial neural networks. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 2641-2656. Pettigrew, J. D. 1980. Microbat vision and echolocation in an evolutionary context. In: Animal Sonar. Processes and Performance (Ed. by P. E. Nachtigall & P. W. B. Moore), pp. 645-650. New York: Plenum Press. 58
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Vision in echolocating bats Johan E
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A doctoral thesis at a university i
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to be precedence of vision over son
Page 8 and 9: och för att undvika hinder på vä
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Page 13 and 14: VISION IN ECHOLOCATING BATS The mic
Page 15 and 16: The microchiropteran eyes are shape
Page 17 and 18: structures, and the dorsal lateral
Page 19 and 20: 10 lux, which is equivalent to the
Page 21 and 22: The device used for the optomotor r
Page 23 and 24: Tab 2 - cont Light Visual Species (
Page 25 and 26: jamaicensis, Desmodus rotundus and
Page 27 and 28: (Davis & Barbour 1965) or when they
Page 29 and 30: Insectivores and carnivores For bat
Page 31 and 32: Moreover, the eyes of Macrotus cali
Page 33 and 34: combined with broadband echolocatio
Page 35 and 36: Multimodality - vision and echoloca
Page 37 and 38: superior colliculus. It has been sh
Page 39 and 40: Acknowledgements First of all I wou
Page 41 and 42: Buchler, E. R. & Wasilewski, P. J.
Page 43 and 44: Heffner, R. S. 1997. Comparative st
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Page 47: Suthers, R. A. & Chase, J. 1966. Vi
Page 51 and 52: Animal Behaviour - In Press Use of
Page 53 and 54: the ability of brown long eared bat
Page 55 and 56: General observations RESULTS When r
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Page 61 and 62: Table 1. - The number of feeding at
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Page 73 and 74: Submitted manuscript Vision complem
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Page 77 and 78: (Anderson et al. 1998). Hence, the
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Page 83 and 84: Manuscript Visual acuity and eye si
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Page 91 and 92: Tab. 1. - Eye diameter and optomoto
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