Pettigrew, J. D., Dreher, B., Hopk<strong>in</strong>s, C. S. McCall, M. J. & Brown, M. 1988. Peak density and distribution of ganglion cells <strong>in</strong> the ret<strong>in</strong>ae of microchiropteran <strong>bats</strong>: Implications for visual acuity. Bra<strong>in</strong>, Behaviour and Evolution, 32, 39-56. Ryan, J. & Tuttle, M. D. 1987. The role of prey-generated sounds, vision, and echolocation <strong>in</strong> prey localization by the African bat Cardioderma cor (Megadermatidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 161, 59-66 Schnitzler, H.-U. & Kalko, E.K.V. 1998. How echolocat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>bats</strong> search and f<strong>in</strong>d food. In: Bat Biology and Conservation (Ed. by T. H. Kunz & P. A. Racey), pp. 183-204. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Siemers, B.M. 2001. F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g prey by associative learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> glean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>bats</strong>: experiments with a Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri. Acta Chiropterologica, 3, 211-215. Suthers, R. A. & Chase, J. 1966. Visual pattern discrim<strong>in</strong>ation by an echolocat<strong>in</strong>g bat. American Zoologist, 6, 573 Suthers, R. A., Chase, J. & Bradford, B. 1969. Visual form discrim<strong>in</strong>ation by echolocat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>bats</strong>. Biological Bullet<strong>in</strong>, 137, 535-546. Suthers, R. A. & Wallis, N. E. 1970. Optics of the eyes of echolocat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>bats</strong>. Journal of <strong>Vision</strong> Research, 10, 1165-1173 Swift, S. M. 1998. Long-eared <strong>bats</strong>. London: T & AD Poyser Natural History. Thies, W., Kalko, E. K. V & Schnitzler, H-U. 1998. The roles of echolocation and olfaction <strong>in</strong> two neotropical fruit-eat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>bats</strong>, Carollia perspicillata and C. castanea feed<strong>in</strong>g on piper. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 42, 397-409 Timm, R. M. 1989. Migration and molt patterns of red <strong>bats</strong>, Lasiurus borealis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Ill<strong>in</strong>ois Bullet<strong>in</strong> of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 14, 1-7. Vaughan, T. A. & Vaughan, R. P. 1986. Seasonality and the behaviour of the African yellow-w<strong>in</strong>ged bat. Journal of Mammalogy, 67 (1), 91-102 59
Table 1. – The number of feed<strong>in</strong>g attempts and mean proportions of attempts at petri dishes provid<strong>in</strong>g four <strong>in</strong>dividuals of Plecotus auritus with different sensory cues. sensory cue bat # 1 bat # 2 bat # 3 bat # 4 total mean proportion visual only 12 27 11 17 67 0.34 visual/sonar 16 21 14 21 72 0.38 sonar only 13 10 5 7 35 0.18 none 3 8 3 6 20 0.10 total 44 66 33 51 194 1.0 60
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Vision in echolocating bats Johan E
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A doctoral thesis at a university i
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to be precedence of vision over son
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och för att undvika hinder på vä
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