Vision in echolocating bats - Fladdermus.net

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Tab. 2. – Visual acuity expressed as degrees of arc in Microchiroptera obtained from previous studies. Behavioural acuity values come from optomotor responses, and theoretical values are calculated from the number of retinal ganglion cells. Acuity is the minimum separable angle, i.e. the best values for each species. Asterisks indicate that the ambient light level was not measured (or acuity was measured theoretically). For consistency, the values of visual acuity were sometimes converted from other units, used in the original paper. Light Visual Method Species (lux) acuity Author (behav/theor) a) Vespertilionidae; gleaning insectivores Macrotus californicus 0.002 3.6’ Bell & Fenton 1986 b Antrozous pallidus 0.004 15’ Bell & Fenton 1986 b b) Vespertilionidae; aerial-hawking and trawling insectivores Eptesicus fuscus * 1° Bell & Fenton 1986 b Eptesicus fuscus 40’-43’ Koay et al. 1998, Marks 1980 t Myotis lucifugus * 3-6° Suthers 1966 b Nyctophilus gouldi 50’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t c) Emballonuridae; aerial-hawking insectivores Saccopteryx bilineata 29’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t Saccopteryx leptura * 42’ Suthers 1966 b Taphozus georgianus 23’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t d) Molossidae; aerial-hawking insectivores Molossus ater * 10° Chase 1972 b e) Rhinolophidae; flutter-detecting insectivores Rhinolophus rouxi 1.4° Pettigrew et al. 1988 t f) Megadermatidae; gleaning insectivores/carnivores Megaderma lyra 20’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t Macroderma gigas 16’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t g) Phyllostomatidae; frugivores and sanguivores Carollia perspicillata * 16’ Suthers 1966 b Anoura geoffroyi * 42’ Suthers 1966 b Artibeus jamaicensis 27’ Heffner et al. 2000 t Artibeus cinereus 22’ Pettigrew et al. 1988 t Desmodus rotundus * 42’ Suthers 1966 b Desmodus rotundus 3.1 48’ Manske & Schmidt 1976 b Desmodus rotundus 0.04 2.5° Manske & Schmidt 1976 b h) Other mammals Rattus (rat) * 20’ Heffner & Heffner 1992 t Canis (dog) * 3.6’ Heffner & Heffner 1992 t Felis (cat) * 2.7’ Hughes 1977 t Macaca (macaque) * 38’’ Cowey & Ellis 1967 b Homo (man) * 32’’ Hughes 1977 t 91
“The bat that flits at close of Eve Has left the brain that won't believe.” - William Blake 92 V
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Vision in echolocating bats Johan E
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A doctoral thesis at a university i
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to be precedence of vision over son
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och för att undvika hinder på vä
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B ats (Order: Chiroptera) are among
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VISION IN ECHOLOCATING BATS The mic
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The microchiropteran eyes are shape
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structures, and the dorsal lateral
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10 lux, which is equivalent to the
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The device used for the optomotor r
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Tab 2 - cont Light Visual Species (
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jamaicensis, Desmodus rotundus and
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(Davis & Barbour 1965) or when they
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Insectivores and carnivores For bat
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Moreover, the eyes of Macrotus cali
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combined with broadband echolocatio
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Multimodality - vision and echoloca
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superior colliculus. It has been sh
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Acknowledgements First of all I wou
Page 41 and 42: Buchler, E. R. & Wasilewski, P. J.
Page 43 and 44: Heffner, R. S. 1997. Comparative st
Page 45 and 46: Masterson, F. A. & Ellins, S. R. 19
Page 47: Suthers, R. A. & Chase, J. 1966. Vi
Page 51 and 52: Animal Behaviour - In Press Use of
Page 53 and 54: the ability of brown long eared bat
Page 55 and 56: General observations RESULTS When r
Page 57 and 58: are influenced to some extent by th
Page 59 and 60: Eklöf, J., Tranefors, T. & Vazquez
Page 61 and 62: Table 1. - The number of feeding at
Page 63: “The Eocene brought mammals mean
Page 73 and 74: Submitted manuscript Vision complem
Page 75 and 76: (dorsal) side up and the other had
Page 77 and 78: (Anderson et al. 1998). Hence, the
Page 79: Figure 1. - Frequency of attacks by
Page 83 and 84: Manuscript Visual acuity and eye si
Page 85 and 86: computer screen. The bats were rele
Page 87 and 88: study. On overcast nights the amoun
Page 89 and 90: Koay, G., Kearns, D., Heffner, H. E
Page 91: Tab. 1. - Eye diameter and optomoto
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