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students.<br />

Using only hearsay as evidence,<br />

Norton claims in the first chapter of the<br />

book that Strauss was close to Nathan<br />

Leites <strong>and</strong> Albert Wohlstetter (p. 9).<br />

Now it would have been difficult for<br />

Strauss to have much to say to Leites, so<br />

distinct were their manners of<br />

perceiving politics <strong>and</strong> the course of<br />

human action as well as thought.<br />

Moreover, Leites was hardly ever at the<br />

University of Chicago. His imaginative<br />

underst<strong>and</strong>ing of how he might fulfill<br />

his teaching obligations while residing in<br />

Paris never quite found favor in the eyes<br />

of university administrators <strong>and</strong><br />

prompted a mutually agreeable contract<br />

termination only a few years after his<br />

arrival. Indeed, of all those close to<br />

Strauss during Leites’s tenure at<br />

Chicago, I may well have been most in<br />

contact with Leites. He never let on to<br />

me that he had a close relationship with<br />

Strauss. Many others have explained at<br />

length how different Wohlstetter’s<br />

approach to politics was from Strauss’s,<br />

so there is no need to pursue that<br />

theme.<br />

The title of Chapter Two, “The<br />

Lion <strong>and</strong> the Ass,” refers to Robert<br />

Sacks’s commentary on Genesis.<br />

Norton exploits some rather curious<br />

tales about the way various students of<br />

Strauss assisted Sacks during the writing<br />

of this book to insist that they are<br />

foolishly protective of certain writings.<br />

The account reads well, as fiction most<br />

often does. Her portrait of Leon Kass<br />

will persuade no one who has any<br />

acquaintance with Kass, <strong>and</strong> she<br />

completely misconstrues his reluctance<br />

to share with her a writing in progress<br />

that a friend had asked him to critique.<br />

Kass is well-known for his own<br />

thoughtful interpretations of Scripture.<br />

Moreover, from his own connections<br />

with St. John’s College, he knows Sacks<br />

well. So it is only reasonable for Sacks<br />

to have shared the manuscript with<br />

Kass. It is equally reasonable for him to<br />

ask that it not be disseminated widely<br />

until he thought it was ready.<br />

http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/mitejmes/<br />

81<br />

Still, to Norton’s credit, she<br />

does recognize that there was something<br />

powerful about Strauss’s intellectual<br />

appeal (as well as that of several other<br />

professors at the University of Chicago).<br />

But in trying to capture that of Strauss<br />

in particular, she completely misses a<br />

lesson he tried to pass on to students:<br />

always teach as though there is one quiet<br />

student in the class who is more<br />

knowledgeable or more intelligent than<br />

you are – in other words, always be<br />

prepared (see pp. 28-29). To<br />

underst<strong>and</strong> the extent to which Strauss<br />

followed his own advice, one must be<br />

aware of how often Strauss turned down<br />

invitations to dinner the evening before<br />

class on the grounds that he had to<br />

prepare for the next day. Not having<br />

studied with Strauss, Norton is ignorant<br />

of that important fact. Why her<br />

informants seem not to have passed it<br />

along must raise a question or two. No?<br />

Similarly, Norton fails to<br />

explain what drew Leo Strauss to focus<br />

so deeply on good books or even what<br />

such books are all about. For him, there<br />

was no canon revered for itself (pp. 29-<br />

31). That anyone one can readily see by<br />

looking at books Strauss cites in his<br />

various articles. Rather, the point of<br />

reading good books is to try to learn<br />

about the tradition of thought to which<br />

we are heirs <strong>and</strong> to underst<strong>and</strong> how its<br />

unfolding has brought us to our present<br />

opinions. That goal is valid whether one<br />

speaks about our own Western tradition<br />

or about some other tradition. (Here<br />

things become complicated, for the<br />

Eastern tradition has many str<strong>and</strong>s; <strong>and</strong><br />

it is not clear whether we really want to<br />

divorce the Middle Eastern tradition<br />

from the Western one). But without<br />

going into that problem, the salient<br />

point is how Strauss insisted his goal<br />

was to know the past well in order to<br />

reflect intelligently upon the present.<br />

Anne Norton’s account of<br />

Straussian “truth squads” in her third<br />

chapter <strong>and</strong> claim that Strauss sought to<br />

take over the political science<br />

department at the University of Chicago

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