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Examples: Elevators, traffic signaling, warehouses, etc. Industrial Automation init Discrete Plant (reminder) 1 The plant is described by variables which take well-defined, non-overlapping values. The transition from one state to another is abrupt, it is caused by an external event. Discrete plants are normally reversible, but not monotone, i.e. negating the event which caused a transition will not revert the plant to the previous state. Example: an elevator doesn't return to the previous floor when the button is released. a 2 3 c + ¬d Discrete plants are described e.g. by finite state machines or Petri nets. 7 the main task of a control system with discrete plants is its sequential control. b c + d e 4 6 5 e 28/100 2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
"combinatorial" 1) e.g. ladder logic, CMOS logic A B Out = A · B A B Out = (A + B) · C I1 P1 Industrial Automation Continuous and Discrete Control (comparison) NOT C P2 ladder logic analog building blocs 1) not really combinatorial: blocs may have memory "sequential" e.g. GRAFCET, Petri Nets 29/100 2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
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2005 March, HK courtesy ABB 2. Inst
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Industrial Automation The instrumen
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2.1 Instrumentation 2.1.1 Market 2.
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Industrial Automation Binary Signal
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Industrial Automation Force measure
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Industrial Automation 2.1.3.2 Tempe
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Thermo-element (Thermocouple) two d
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•pulsed laser •load cell •pul
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Other means: Magnetic-dynamic Corio
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Industrial Automation Drives (varia
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Pumps, valves, rods,… Industrial
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Industrial Automation Transducer A
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Object measurand Transducer Industr
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Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
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Connection to process, or instrumen
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Industrial Automation Assessment Ho
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2005 March, HK set point Control of
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140 120 2 1 180 3 5 200 4 Why do we
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set-point (solicited) Sollwert vale
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Steam ∆P ∆f Main steam valve Ac
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Industrial Automation Two-point con
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value % 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.
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Industrial Automation A glance back
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Series Parallel Industrial Automati
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Industrial Automation Ladder logic
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