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Industrial Automation Structured Text (Strukturierte Textsprache, langage littéral structuré) language similar to Pascal (If, While, etc..) The variables defined in ST can be used in other languages. It is used to do complex data manipulation and write blocs Caution: writing programs in structured text can breach the real-time rules ! 62/100 2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
Industrial Automation Data Types Since Function Blocks are typed, the types of connection, input and output must match. •Elementary Types are defined either in Structured Text or in the FB configuration. binary types: analog types: BOOL BYTE WORD DWORD 1 8 16 32 REAL (Real32) LREAL (Real64) •Derived Types are user-defined and must be declared in Structured Text subrange, enumerated, arrays, structured types (e.g. AntivalentBoolean2) variable can receive initial values and be declared as non-volatile (RETAIN) 63/100 2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
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2005 March, HK courtesy ABB 2. Inst
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Industrial Automation The instrumen
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2.1 Instrumentation 2.1.1 Market 2.
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Industrial Automation Binary Signal
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Industrial Automation Precision: re
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Industrial Automation Variable diff
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Industrial Automation Small positio
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Industrial Automation Force measure
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courtesy Parker Motion & Control In
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Industrial Automation 2.1.3.2 Tempe
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Thermo-element (Thermocouple) two d
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•pulsed laser •load cell •pul
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Other means: Magnetic-dynamic Corio
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Industrial Automation Drives (varia
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Pumps, valves, rods,… Industrial
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Industrial Automation Transducer A
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Object measurand Transducer Industr
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Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
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Industrial Automation Instrumentati
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Square root extraction of the input
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Connection to process, or instrumen
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Industrial Automation German IP-Pro
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Industrial Automation European Expl
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Industrial Automation Assessment Ho
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2005 March, HK set point Control of
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140 120 2 1 180 3 5 200 4 Why do we
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Industrial Automation Controllers T
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Industrial Automation Modeling: Con
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set-point (solicited) Sollwert vale
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Steam ∆P ∆f Main steam valve Ac
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Industrial Automation Two-point con
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value % 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.
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Industrial Automation A glance back
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The Watts "governor" (1791) - the f
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Industrial Automation Plant model f
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m(t), y 0 (t) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 co
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u 0 (t), y 0 (t) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
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controller gain set-point u 0 error
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PID-Controller (Proportional-Integr
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time domain Laplace domain Industri
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1 0 P (K p = 15) less error, but un
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2.1 Instrumentation 2.2 Control 2.2
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Industrial Automation Nested loops
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Industrial Automation To probe furt
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POST_START_TIMER_MOD N_GT FAULT_STA
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Industrial Automation Programmable
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Industrial Automation PLC: Characte
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Switzerland SAIA, Weidmüller Indus
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(1) (2) (3) Compact Monolithic cons
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Page 107 and 108: € compact PLC (fixed number of I/
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Page 111 and 112: Industrial Automation Specific Cont
Page 113 and 114: Micro: 15 to 128 I/O points Medium:
Page 115 and 116: Industrial Automation 2.3.3 PLCs: F
Page 117 and 118: CPU fieldbus controller field bus R
Page 119 and 120: Industrial Automation Matching the
Page 121 and 122: Industrial Automation Continuous Pl
Page 123 and 124: "combinatorial" 1) e.g. ladder logi
Page 125 and 126: Extend procedural languages to expr
Page 127 and 128: Function Block Diagram (FBD) AUTO A
Page 129 and 130: Industrial Automation 2.4.2.1 Funct
Page 131 and 132: Example 1: Example 2: A B external
Page 133 and 134: Industrial Automation Function Bloc
Page 135 and 136: Types of Programming Organisation U
Page 137 and 138: inary elements AND OR XOR S1 SR R Q
Page 139 and 140: Basic blocks Industrial Automation
Page 141 and 142: AXIS_REF Function Block library for
Page 147 and 148: Segment or POU (program organizatio
Page 149 and 150: Industrial Automation Parallel exec
Page 151 and 152: esource task task program program I
Page 153 and 154: Connecting to Input/Output, Method
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Page 161 and 162: Industrial Automation SFC (Sequenti
Page 163 and 164: Industrial Automation SFC: Initial
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Page 167 and 168: Variables: Input: In0, In1, In2, In
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Page 171 and 172: Function Blocks: Continuous (time)
Page 173 and 174: Industrial Automation Flow Charts O
Page 175 and 176: Industrial Automation 2.3.5.7 Ladde
Page 177 and 178: origin: electrical circuit correspo
Page 179 and 180: Series Parallel Industrial Automati
Page 181 and 182: Industrial Automation Ladder logic
Page 183 and 184: Industrial Automation 2.3.6 Instruc
Page 185 and 186: Industrial Automation Instruction L
Page 187 and 188: Industrial Automation Programming e
Page 189 and 190: Industrial Automation Program maint
Page 191 and 192: Industrial Automation IEC 61131-3 e
Page 193: Industrial Automation Limitations o
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