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angular speed ω N S Industrial Automation Analog speed measurement: tachometer Ui ~ dω / dt, f ~ ω transducer analog: 4..20 mA digital: 010110110 a simple tachometer is a rotating permanent magnet that induces a voltage into a stator winding. this voltage is converted into an analog voltage or current, which can later be converted to a digital value, alternatively, the frequency can be measured to yield directly a digital value 18/52 2.1 Instrumentation
Industrial Automation 2.1.3.2 Temperature measurement the most frequently measured value in industry Protection and head assembly Extension Assemblies Thermowell www.omega.com 19/52 2.1 Instrumentation
Page 1 and 2: 2005 March, HK courtesy ABB 2. Inst
Page 3 and 4: Industrial Automation The instrumen
Page 5 and 6: 2.1 Instrumentation 2.1.1 Market 2.
Page 7 and 8: Industrial Automation Binary Signal
Page 9 and 10: Industrial Automation Precision: re
Page 11 and 12: Industrial Automation Variable diff
Page 13 and 14: Industrial Automation Small positio
Page 15 and 16: Industrial Automation Force measure
Page 17: courtesy Parker Motion & Control In
Page 21 and 22: Thermo-element (Thermocouple) two d
Page 23 and 24: •pulsed laser •load cell •pul
Page 25 and 26: Other means: Magnetic-dynamic Corio
Page 29 and 30: Industrial Automation Drives (varia
Page 31 and 32: Pumps, valves, rods,… Industrial
Page 33 and 34: Industrial Automation Transducer A
Page 35 and 36: Object measurand Transducer Industr
Page 39 and 40: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Page 41 and 42: Industrial Automation Instrumentati
Page 43 and 44: Square root extraction of the input
Page 45 and 46: Connection to process, or instrumen
Page 47 and 48: Industrial Automation German IP-Pro
Page 49 and 50: Industrial Automation European Expl
Page 51 and 52: Industrial Automation Assessment Ho
Page 54 and 55: 2005 March, HK set point Control of
Page 56 and 57: 140 120 2 1 180 3 5 200 4 Why do we
Page 58 and 59: Industrial Automation Controllers T
Page 60 and 61: Industrial Automation Modeling: Con
Page 62 and 63: set-point (solicited) Sollwert vale
Page 64 and 65: Steam ∆P ∆f Main steam valve Ac
Page 66 and 67: Industrial Automation Two-point con
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value % 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.
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Industrial Automation A glance back
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The Watts "governor" (1791) - the f
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Industrial Automation Plant model f
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m(t), y 0 (t) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 co
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u 0 (t), y 0 (t) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
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controller gain set-point u 0 error
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PID-Controller (Proportional-Integr
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time domain Laplace domain Industri
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1 0 P (K p = 15) less error, but un
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2.1 Instrumentation 2.2 Control 2.2
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Industrial Automation Nested loops
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Industrial Automation To probe furt
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POST_START_TIMER_MOD N_GT FAULT_STA
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Industrial Automation Programmable
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Industrial Automation PLC: Characte
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Switzerland SAIA, Weidmüller Indus
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(1) (2) (3) Compact Monolithic cons
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courtesy ABB Industrial Automation
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€ compact PLC (fixed number of I/
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23 4 3 3 2 12 2 I/O modules Industr
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Industrial Automation Specific Cont
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Micro: 15 to 128 I/O points Medium:
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Industrial Automation 2.3.3 PLCs: F
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CPU fieldbus controller field bus R
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Industrial Automation Matching the
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Industrial Automation Continuous Pl
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"combinatorial" 1) e.g. ladder logi
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Extend procedural languages to expr
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Function Block Diagram (FBD) AUTO A
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Industrial Automation 2.4.2.1 Funct
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Example 1: Example 2: A B external
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Industrial Automation Function Bloc
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Types of Programming Organisation U
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inary elements AND OR XOR S1 SR R Q
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Basic blocks Industrial Automation
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AXIS_REF Function Block library for
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Segment or POU (program organizatio
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Industrial Automation Parallel exec
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esource task task program program I
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Connecting to Input/Output, Method
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Industrial Automation 2.3.5.5 Struc
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Industrial Automation Data Types Si
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Industrial Automation Example of De
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Industrial Automation SFC (Sequenti
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Industrial Automation SFC: Initial
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Industrial Automation SFC: P1, N an
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Variables: Input: In0, In1, In2, In
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Industrial Automation SFC: Structur
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Function Blocks: Continuous (time)
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Industrial Automation Flow Charts O
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Industrial Automation 2.3.5.7 Ladde
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origin: electrical circuit correspo
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Series Parallel Industrial Automati
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Industrial Automation Ladder logic
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Industrial Automation 2.3.6 Instruc
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Industrial Automation Instruction L
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Industrial Automation Programming e
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Industrial Automation Program maint
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Industrial Automation IEC 61131-3 e
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Industrial Automation Limitations o
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