Evaluation of Planning Options to Alleviate Traffic Congestion and ...

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$MATH 209, Lab 5$

16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation and gratitude to his supervisor, Dr. Jobair Bin Alam, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), for his continuous guidance, invaluable suggestions and affectionate encouragement at all stages of this study. Without his valuable direction and cordial assistance, this research work could never be materialized. The author’s debt to him is immense. Sincere gratitude to Dr. M. Mazharul Hoque, Professor of Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, for his benevolent encouragement. Without his constructive and valuable help, it would have been very difficult to carry out this study. The author gratefully acknowledges the facilities and assistance provided by Dr. Md. Abdur Rouf, Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET. The author also acknowledges the guidance of Dr. Mohd. S. Kiwan, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka. Above all the author is indebted to his parents for their deep concern, encouragement and blessings during this research.
17 ABSTRACT Traffic congestion has now become a very serious problem particularly in metropolitan Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Because of the rapid socio-economic changes and increase in population, the city expanded dynamically without any planning and control. Such rapid and uncontrolled developments have created an unacceptable level of disparity in the transportation demand and supply scenario, which resulted in traffic congestion and environmental degradation through air pollution. To reach at an equilibrium level between the demand and the supply, it is required to implement traffic engineering and transport planning measures on the basis of scientific studies. Considering the grievousness of the situation, concerned authorities like Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA), Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP), Dhaka Transport Coordination Board (DTCB) and Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) have taken several measures for its improvements. But these were implemented in ad-hoc and disintegrated way thereby failing to achieve the desired result. In fact to tackle the problems of increasing traffic congestion and resulting air pollution, quantitative analyses of the situations are deemed necessary and the plans should be designed on the basis of the results of analyses. This study is devoted to analyze present and future traffic congestion and resulting air pollution in Dhaka city. In the study, a few immediately feasible alternative planning options are considered for evaluation which include elimination of rickshaw and autorickshaw, improvement of road network, improvement of bus transit and introduction of rail transit system in Dhaka city. In this regard a transportation model, named as ‘Dhaka Urban Transportation Model’ (DUTM) has been developed and calibrated for the study area. The area included in this study comprises 154 km 2 of central urban portion of Dhaka city, which is the area under jurisdiction of Dhaka City Corporation. This area includes 90 wards of Dhaka city Corporation with population of around six million and 350 kilometer roadway of the city. DUTM is used to simulate the peak period hourly traffic volume on roadway links within the study area. In this study, traffic congestion is evaluated by using four types of congestion indices and air pollution is evaluated by emission rates of SO x , NO x and CO in ton per hour. The congestion indices used in this study are Roadway
Page 1 and 2: 1 Evaluation of Planning Options to
Page 3 and 4: 3 CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION It is h
Page 5 and 6: 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Declarati
Page 7 and 8: 7 3.4 Evaluation of Transportation
Page 9 and 10: 9 7.1.1 Findings of the Study 117 7
Page 11 and 12: 11 Table 6. 12: Table 6. 13: Table
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 5. 14: Relationship betwe
Page 18 and 19: 18 Congestion Index (RCI), Volume C
Page 20 and 21: 20 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Gener
Page 22 and 23: 22 seriously affect the economic po
Page 24 and 25: 24 The specific objectives of the s
Page 26 and 27: 26 Literature Review Development an
Page 28 and 29: 28 Dhaka. In that study it was foun
Page 30 and 31: 30 structural improvement of road t
Page 32 and 33: 32 adequate to provide a comprehens
Page 34 and 35: 34 Young (1986) investigated comput
Page 36 and 37: 36 2.4.2 Comments on Transportation
Page 38 and 39: 38 assigned to modes and routes on
Page 40 and 41: 40 motor car, truck, auto rickshaws
Page 42 and 43: 42 The changing focus in transport
Page 44 and 45: 44 trips, Auto Rickshaw Shares 13%
Page 46 and 47: 46 stagnant for long time on roads.
Page 48 and 49: 48 amount, which is 26% of total da
Page 50 and 51: 50 congestion and consequent air po
Page 52 and 53: 52 Development of an Urban Transpor
Page 54 and 55: 54 travel time etc. should be direc
Page 56 and 57: 56 Due to the lack of availability
Page 58 and 59: 58 The modal split analyses are bas
Page 60 and 61: 60 Under the assumption that ξ n i
Page 62 and 63: 62 assignment. Three widely used me
Page 64 and 65: 64 equal to the total number of DCC
Page 66 and 67:
66 Tertiary types are Professional,
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68 3.4.1 Way to Quantify Congestion
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70 coefficients are not clear. Neve
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72 RC = the maximum volume of traff
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74 3.3 Summary This chapter describ
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76 4.2 Components of DUTM The DUTM
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78 4.2.2 Trip Distribution The trip
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80 4.3 Model Calibration 4.3.1 Cali
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82 4.3.3 Calibration of Link Volume
Page 84 and 85:
84 1.8 1.6 1.4 MAD r a t i o 1.2 1
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86 Chapter 5 BASELINE ANALYSIS AND
Page 88 and 89:
88 5.2.2 Impact on Peak Period Volu
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90 % of Total Link Length with Peak
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92 individual traveling in a partic
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94 4 Volume Capacity Index (VCI) 3.
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96 Peak period NO 2 emission in ton
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98 1.4 1.2 y = 0.0053x - 0.0714 R 2
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100 free flowing urban traffic at a
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102 influencing the time of or need
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104 tenth (CSI; 226.51 to 23.17) of
Page 106 and 107:
106 3000 280 2500 230 1000 Vehicle-
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108 % of Total Link Length Wiht Pea
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110 % of Present Amount to be Incre
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112 6.4.3 Impact on Demand for Othe
Page 114 and 115:
114 Roadway Congestion Index (RCI)
Page 116 and 117:
116 % of Present Amount to be Incre
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118 network reduces sudden upslope
Page 120 and 121:
120 3 10.5 Roadway Congestion Index
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122 rickshaw and car are 3, 0.5, 0.
Page 124 and 125:
124 of bus is calculated individual
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126 Peak Period RCI, TRI and VCI 5
Page 128 and 129:
128 6.7 Incorporation of Intra-city
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130 reduction of air pollution is l
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132 increased the demands of other
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134 and auto-rickshaws improved bot
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136 findings and recommendations fo
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138 only be possible if the total a
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140 access to rail service was very
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142 REFERENCES Ahsan, H.M. (1990).
Page 144 and 145:
144 Flavin and Christopher (1994),
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146 NCHRP Report 398, (1997); “Qu
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148 Yi-Chin Hu and Paul Schonfeld (
Page 150 and 151:
150 APPENDIX-A FIGURE - I: Map of R
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FIGURE - III: Map of Road Network o
Page 154 and 155:
154 APPENDIX-B TABLE-I: Employment
Page 156 and 157:
156 TABLE-III: Employment Shares of
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