Evaluation of Planning Options to Alleviate Traffic Congestion and ...

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30 structural improvement of road transportation system of Dhaka city. DUTP-I resulted in the following main recommendations: • Promotion of the operation of public busses. • Provision for pedestrian only areas in old Dhaka. • Provision of NMT (Non Motorized Transport) main route network. • Improvement of function of the major intersections by constructing flyovers at three locations. • Improvement of existing truck stands. • Development of a comprehensive parking policy. • Enhancement of management and enforcement capabilities of DCC, DMP and BRTA. • Provision of adequate compensation and reinstatement elsewhere for families, commerce, and establishments affected by the projects (new construction). • Addressing a broad context of environmental issues. Jaigirdar (1998) conducted a study to asses the ambient air quality of Dhaka City. He investigated the impacts of improved bus service in reducing environmental pollution. He pointed out that improved bus service might be the best option for a mass transit system in Dhaka. 2.2.2 Traffic Management and Safety Study Ahmed (1980), Ahmed and Hoque (1988) discussed different aspect of failure of traffic management and administration of Dhaka City. It was found that existing transport facilities were not adequate to meet travel demand and mixed mode situation, which resulted in traffic congestion and danger. Suggestions for modifications of traffic management and policies had been made.
31 Hoque (1981, 1986) mainly dealt with different aspects of road safety. He identified several types of road accidents in Metropolitan Dhaka. He also pointed out their causes and recommended some remedial actions. Replogle (1992) made a comprehensive study on NMTs in different Asian cities. According to him, in Bangladesh, although rickshaw contributed majority of the road traffic, it accounted only 10 percent of traffic deaths. Major portion of rickshaw accidents were for the collision with buses and trucks. 2.2.3 Studies on Urban Travel Pattern of Dhaka Ara (1983) investigated the factors that are responsible for the selection of particular transport mode. In particular, he analyzed the travel behavior of some particular localities in the Metropolitan Dhaka. It was found that total family income was the most important factor in determining its members’ choice of appropriate transport mode for different trip purposes. Other factors that influenced selection of travel mode were age and sex, car ownership etc. 2.2.4 Studies on Urban Public Transport Firdous (1984) highlighted some of the problems in the bus operation in Metropolitan Dhaka. He pointed out the problems faced by the users. He argued that although there was an ever increasing demand for busses, the bus fleet did not increase keeping pace with the increase in population. Ahsan (1990) investigated the status of public transport systems in Metropolitan Dhaka. Particular attention was given to the necessity of a functional and cost effective mass transit system. He pointed out that the existing mass transit system needed to be expanded in terms of both fleet size and route network. He also recommended to improve maintenance facilities, stop and terminal layouts, the quality of services and development of more advance forms of transit facility, such as rapid transit system. 2.2.5 An Overview In Bangladesh only a few studies have been made in transport sector. Out of all, however, the urban transport sector was given more emphasis than rural transport sector also public transport sector was given more emphasis than private sector. But these studies are not
Page 1 and 2: 1 Evaluation of Planning Options to
Page 3 and 4: 3 CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION It is h
Page 5 and 6: 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Declarati
Page 7 and 8: 7 3.4 Evaluation of Transportation
Page 9 and 10: 9 7.1.1 Findings of the Study 117 7
Page 11 and 12: 11 Table 6. 12: Table 6. 13: Table
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 5. 14: Relationship betwe
Page 16 and 17: 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishe
Page 18 and 19: 18 Congestion Index (RCI), Volume C
Page 20 and 21: 20 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Gener
Page 22 and 23: 22 seriously affect the economic po
Page 24 and 25: 24 The specific objectives of the s
Page 26 and 27: 26 Literature Review Development an
Page 28 and 29: 28 Dhaka. In that study it was foun
Page 32 and 33: 32 adequate to provide a comprehens
Page 34 and 35: 34 Young (1986) investigated comput
Page 36 and 37: 36 2.4.2 Comments on Transportation
Page 38 and 39: 38 assigned to modes and routes on
Page 40 and 41: 40 motor car, truck, auto rickshaws
Page 42 and 43: 42 The changing focus in transport
Page 44 and 45: 44 trips, Auto Rickshaw Shares 13%
Page 46 and 47: 46 stagnant for long time on roads.
Page 48 and 49: 48 amount, which is 26% of total da
Page 50 and 51: 50 congestion and consequent air po
Page 52 and 53: 52 Development of an Urban Transpor
Page 54 and 55: 54 travel time etc. should be direc
Page 56 and 57: 56 Due to the lack of availability
Page 58 and 59: 58 The modal split analyses are bas
Page 60 and 61: 60 Under the assumption that ξ n i
Page 62 and 63: 62 assignment. Three widely used me
Page 64 and 65: 64 equal to the total number of DCC
Page 66 and 67: 66 Tertiary types are Professional,
Page 68 and 69: 68 3.4.1 Way to Quantify Congestion
Page 70 and 71: 70 coefficients are not clear. Neve
Page 72 and 73: 72 RC = the maximum volume of traff
Page 74 and 75: 74 3.3 Summary This chapter describ
Page 76 and 77: 76 4.2 Components of DUTM The DUTM
Page 78 and 79: 78 4.2.2 Trip Distribution The trip
Page 80 and 81:
80 4.3 Model Calibration 4.3.1 Cali
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82 4.3.3 Calibration of Link Volume
Page 84 and 85:
84 1.8 1.6 1.4 MAD r a t i o 1.2 1
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86 Chapter 5 BASELINE ANALYSIS AND
Page 88 and 89:
88 5.2.2 Impact on Peak Period Volu
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90 % of Total Link Length with Peak
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92 individual traveling in a partic
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94 4 Volume Capacity Index (VCI) 3.
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96 Peak period NO 2 emission in ton
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98 1.4 1.2 y = 0.0053x - 0.0714 R 2
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100 free flowing urban traffic at a
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102 influencing the time of or need
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104 tenth (CSI; 226.51 to 23.17) of
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106 3000 280 2500 230 1000 Vehicle-
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108 % of Total Link Length Wiht Pea
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110 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 112 and 113:
112 6.4.3 Impact on Demand for Othe
Page 114 and 115:
114 Roadway Congestion Index (RCI)
Page 116 and 117:
116 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 118 and 119:
118 network reduces sudden upslope
Page 120 and 121:
120 3 10.5 Roadway Congestion Index
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122 rickshaw and car are 3, 0.5, 0.
Page 124 and 125:
124 of bus is calculated individual
Page 126 and 127:
126 Peak Period RCI, TRI and VCI 5
Page 128 and 129:
128 6.7 Incorporation of Intra-city
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130 reduction of air pollution is l
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132 increased the demands of other
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134 and auto-rickshaws improved bot
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136 findings and recommendations fo
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138 only be possible if the total a
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140 access to rail service was very
Page 142 and 143:
142 REFERENCES Ahsan, H.M. (1990).
Page 144 and 145:
144 Flavin and Christopher (1994),
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146 NCHRP Report 398, (1997); “Qu
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148 Yi-Chin Hu and Paul Schonfeld (
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150 APPENDIX-A FIGURE - I: Map of R
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FIGURE - III: Map of Road Network o
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154 APPENDIX-B TABLE-I: Employment
Page 156 and 157:
156 TABLE-III: Employment Shares of
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