Evaluation of Planning Options to Alleviate Traffic Congestion and ...

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$MATH 209, Lab 5$

32 adequate to provide a comprehensive picture of urban passenger transport situation. Studies, concerning, transport situation of Metropolitan Dhaka, were mostly related to transport inventory, traffic management, safety problems, and physical characteristics of different modes. None of them are especially related to traffic congestion and consequent air pollution of the Dhaka City. 2.3 Research on Traffic Planning and Management Many studies relating to urban travel behavior and its relation to socio-economic variables of urban dwellers have been done in different countries. Some of them, which deal with traffic planning, management and related variables, are discussed below. 2.3.1 Urban Land Use Pattern Owen (1966) pointed out that planners and engineers were designing large-scale urban development considering the salient features of transport problems. He mentioned two sides of the process. First, design process to achieve a good mix of work places and housing, served by conveniently located shopping, schools and other services in a pleasant environment. The second, semi-independent centers or clusters of activities to provide ready access to major highways or rail transits to ensure close links with the central city and abutting region. The transportation corridors help to bring about some degree of order in the movement of traffic among the multiple centers of the urban region and their points of access provide logical sites for concentrating commercial development. Japan planned its community development for a nationwide dispersal effort using the technique explained above. Both high speed rail and telecommunications are used to help spread the benefits of urbanization and reduce diseconomies of over concentration. Owen emphasized on the need for traffic simulation modeling for the design of large-scale urban development. He also suggested traffic optimization modeling as a tool for such process. 2.3.2 Choice of Travel Mode .Burton (1974) showed that three main factors were responsible for the choice of mode for person trips. These are
33 1. Characteristics of Journey that includes: Journey time/length and Journey purpose. 2. Characteristics of travelers that includes income and car-ownership. 3. Characteristics of transport system that includes relative travel time, relative travel cost, relative level of service and accessibility indices. For modeling of any transport or traffic system, these are the variables on which calculation for optimization can be based. 2.3.3 Transport Modes - Performance, Planning and Management Extensive research has been done in USA, UK, Australia and Japan on different transport modes to optimize their performance. A considerable amount of literature is available on this topic. Case and Latchford (1981) examined characteristics of different public transport modes, mainly from the user's point of view, on the basis of information gathered from eight cities in South-East Asia. Heraty (1980) investigated the organization and operation of conventional busses and minibuses in the city of Kingston, Jamaica. Maunder and Fouracre (1983) investigated the operational characteristics of specialized bus services in two Indian Cities, Hydarabad and Delhi and in Bangkok, Thailand. Victor (1979) described some recent developments in mass transit modes. Fielding and Anderson (1983) and Jadaan (1988) investigated the system characteristics, usage and operations of urban public transport system and derived a set of indicators to represent all desirable dimensions of transit performance. World Bank (1986) developed another method specifically to evaluate the performance of reasonably well managed bus companies in developing countries. Greenstein et al (1988) investigated the transport situation in Quito, Ecuador and proposed a new planning of bus scheduling program for the city. Umigar et al (1988) examined the various management policy alternative within three broad ownership patterns - private, public-private mixed and public, in Indian bus transit system. These studies provide idea about variables of traffic planning and management and parameter for evaluation of performance. They also give basic idea for analysis and optimization of mixed type of vehicles.
Page 1 and 2: 1 Evaluation of Planning Options to
Page 3 and 4: 3 CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION It is h
Page 5 and 6: 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Declarati
Page 7 and 8: 7 3.4 Evaluation of Transportation
Page 9 and 10: 9 7.1.1 Findings of the Study 117 7
Page 11 and 12: 11 Table 6. 12: Table 6. 13: Table
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 5. 14: Relationship betwe
Page 16 and 17: 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishe
Page 18 and 19: 18 Congestion Index (RCI), Volume C
Page 20 and 21: 20 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Gener
Page 22 and 23: 22 seriously affect the economic po
Page 24 and 25: 24 The specific objectives of the s
Page 26 and 27: 26 Literature Review Development an
Page 28 and 29: 28 Dhaka. In that study it was foun
Page 30 and 31: 30 structural improvement of road t
Page 34 and 35: 34 Young (1986) investigated comput
Page 36 and 37: 36 2.4.2 Comments on Transportation
Page 38 and 39: 38 assigned to modes and routes on
Page 40 and 41: 40 motor car, truck, auto rickshaws
Page 42 and 43: 42 The changing focus in transport
Page 44 and 45: 44 trips, Auto Rickshaw Shares 13%
Page 46 and 47: 46 stagnant for long time on roads.
Page 48 and 49: 48 amount, which is 26% of total da
Page 50 and 51: 50 congestion and consequent air po
Page 52 and 53: 52 Development of an Urban Transpor
Page 54 and 55: 54 travel time etc. should be direc
Page 56 and 57: 56 Due to the lack of availability
Page 58 and 59: 58 The modal split analyses are bas
Page 60 and 61: 60 Under the assumption that ξ n i
Page 62 and 63: 62 assignment. Three widely used me
Page 64 and 65: 64 equal to the total number of DCC
Page 66 and 67: 66 Tertiary types are Professional,
Page 68 and 69: 68 3.4.1 Way to Quantify Congestion
Page 70 and 71: 70 coefficients are not clear. Neve
Page 72 and 73: 72 RC = the maximum volume of traff
Page 74 and 75: 74 3.3 Summary This chapter describ
Page 76 and 77: 76 4.2 Components of DUTM The DUTM
Page 78 and 79: 78 4.2.2 Trip Distribution The trip
Page 80 and 81: 80 4.3 Model Calibration 4.3.1 Cali
Page 82 and 83:
82 4.3.3 Calibration of Link Volume
Page 84 and 85:
84 1.8 1.6 1.4 MAD r a t i o 1.2 1
Page 86 and 87:
86 Chapter 5 BASELINE ANALYSIS AND
Page 88 and 89:
88 5.2.2 Impact on Peak Period Volu
Page 90 and 91:
90 % of Total Link Length with Peak
Page 92 and 93:
92 individual traveling in a partic
Page 94 and 95:
94 4 Volume Capacity Index (VCI) 3.
Page 96 and 97:
96 Peak period NO 2 emission in ton
Page 98 and 99:
98 1.4 1.2 y = 0.0053x - 0.0714 R 2
Page 100 and 101:
100 free flowing urban traffic at a
Page 102 and 103:
102 influencing the time of or need
Page 104 and 105:
104 tenth (CSI; 226.51 to 23.17) of
Page 106 and 107:
106 3000 280 2500 230 1000 Vehicle-
Page 108 and 109:
108 % of Total Link Length Wiht Pea
Page 110 and 111:
110 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 112 and 113:
112 6.4.3 Impact on Demand for Othe
Page 114 and 115:
114 Roadway Congestion Index (RCI)
Page 116 and 117:
116 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 118 and 119:
118 network reduces sudden upslope
Page 120 and 121:
120 3 10.5 Roadway Congestion Index
Page 122 and 123:
122 rickshaw and car are 3, 0.5, 0.
Page 124 and 125:
124 of bus is calculated individual
Page 126 and 127:
126 Peak Period RCI, TRI and VCI 5
Page 128 and 129:
128 6.7 Incorporation of Intra-city
Page 130 and 131:
130 reduction of air pollution is l
Page 132 and 133:
132 increased the demands of other
Page 134 and 135:
134 and auto-rickshaws improved bot
Page 136 and 137:
136 findings and recommendations fo
Page 138 and 139:
138 only be possible if the total a
Page 140 and 141:
140 access to rail service was very
Page 142 and 143:
142 REFERENCES Ahsan, H.M. (1990).
Page 144 and 145:
144 Flavin and Christopher (1994),
Page 146 and 147:
146 NCHRP Report 398, (1997); “Qu
Page 148 and 149:
148 Yi-Chin Hu and Paul Schonfeld (
Page 150 and 151:
150 APPENDIX-A FIGURE - I: Map of R
Page 152 and 153:
FIGURE - III: Map of Road Network o
Page 154 and 155:
154 APPENDIX-B TABLE-I: Employment
Page 156 and 157:
156 TABLE-III: Employment Shares of
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