Evaluation of Planning Options to Alleviate Traffic Congestion and ...

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non-motorized modes and walking. The situation is likely to remain unchanged for years
unless there is an increase in disposal income, which may shift people to private modes.
The Table 5 is a summary of transport task in Dhaka by modes of travel. According to
DUTP-II (1998), as shown in Table 2.5, on the basis of number of trips; walking mode
(60%) dominates, followed by rickshaw (19%). However, in terms of passengerkilometer
travel, bus travel dominates (46%), followed by rickshaw (16%), walk trips
(12%), and private car (8%); the role of auto-rickshaw and tempo is relatively minor
(about 4% each). (Monayem, 2001). If only central metropolitan area of Dhaka is
considered, the Table 2.6 shows that car share 10.5%, bus 27%, auto-rickshaw 15.2%,
rickshaw and others 47.3% of total person-trip. DUTP-II (1998) suggested that there was
a strong case for implementing measures to assist the operation of bus service while also
providing for the safe operation of non-motorized transport at least for the foreseeable
future. Table 2.5 shows that for all modes of travel the average trip time was ranged
between 15 minutes for walk trips to 45 minutes for bus trips.
From another point of view, passenger-kilometer per day for different modes in the
metropolitan area reflects the travel pattern of its inhabitants. It is calculated from average
passenger boarding, average trip length, and average number of trips per day for each
vehicle. According to DITS (1993), among the motorized transport in Greater Dhaka,
busses run the highest passenger-miles per day (9520 passenger-miles) while motorcycle
runs the lowest passenger miles (passenger-35 miles). On the other hand among nonmotorized
transports, rickshaws contribute the highest average passenger miles per
vehicle per day (72 miles) and bicycle runs the lowest average passenger miles (10
miles). So when the passenger miles per day is considered, rickshaw runs 10,800,000
miles, which is around 36 percent of the total passenger miles per day by all the modes in
metropolitan Dhaka.
Again if only mechanized transports and central metropolitan area of Dhaka are
considered, then busses run the highest passenger-km per day (39.8% of total passengerkm)
while car runs the lowest passenger-km (11.9% of total passenger-km), (Hoque and
Alam, 2002). On the other hand, in terms of passenger trip, rickshaw is the highest and
car is the lowest. Customarily the modal share of any urban area is expressed in terms of
passenger trips (Hoque and Alam, 2002). So, if only four major types of modes and only
the inter-zonal trips are considered, then Rickshaw shares 40% to 45% of total person-