Evaluation of Planning Options to Alleviate Traffic Congestion and ...

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$MATH 209, Lab 5$

34 Young (1986) investigated computer-aided design in local street planning and management. The study described the relevance and application of procedures from the new information technology, especially computer aided design in planning and management of local street networks. It pointed out that those new techniques offered traffic planners new and perhaps more approximate means for using computers in their work. Young et al (1988) extensively described the application of Micro Computer in traffic system design. In the study they examined different types of software packages available in traffic system design together with their advantages limitations and applicability. Yi- Chin Hu and Schonfeld (1984) studied and developed a macroscopic model for Traffic Simulation and Optimization of regional highway networks. It was applied to the Maryland Eastern Shore network, where heavy recreational traffic created severe congestion and long queues. It was used to find out cost-effectiveness of route diversion as a substitute for new constructions on intercity networks - where high demand peaks were infrequent. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) involves the integrated application of a range of technologies – computer, sensor, electronics, communications – and management strategies to transportation problems in order to increase the safety and efficiency of the surface transportation system. 2.3.4 An Overview Urban planners are taking traffic engineering variables more seriously than ever before and also their understanding of the same are much clear now. They are giving more emphasis on the coordinated development of both land use and transport planning aspects. In all the countries, including developing country like Bangladesh, importance is given in the field of urban traffic planning and management. Methods for evaluating the performance of any transport system are becoming key interest to transport planners and a variety of methods are suggested by different researchers. Proper management techniques for improving the traffic flow situation were suggested by many people.
35 Another area of interest of the researchers is the assessment of requirement, - utility and performance of investment in road transport. 2.4 Traffic Modeling 2.4.1 Overview All of the road users are aware that traffic conditions vary widely over the road system. The situations in most of the cases may be unsatisfactory. Though all are concerned about the situation, their recommendations for its improvement vary from person to person. Traffic modeling represents one method of resolving some of these conflicts. It is directed towards the gain of an understanding, how the traffic system operates. Models are, however, developed for many purposes such as traffic flow-volume relationship study, traffic management, traffic plans, road-use planning etc. Traffic system models also vary from the most detailed (micro-) level to the regional (macro-) level. To prevent the use of inappropriate models, the creation of models should be embedded within the context of a hierarchy framework and a defined development process. The defined process, during development, includes setting of criteria, objective and problem definition, system analysis, parameter estimation, validation and data collection. The final step in model building is application. One of the most difficult parts of model building is parameter identification. Morlok (1978) argued that the most popular approach was to use some form of deterministic 'fitting' process so that model parameters could be adjusted to provide best fit to the corresponding real world observations. A least square sense worked behind this argument. There always exist some constraints on model application. The level of considerations for variables chosen is important. The higher level models are concerned with the problems of modes, destinations, general route choice and overall travel and congestion characteristics. The lower level models are concerned with number and types of lanes, traffic signaling, geometric design of road and fleet composition etc.
Page 1 and 2: 1 Evaluation of Planning Options to
Page 3 and 4: 3 CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION It is h
Page 5 and 6: 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Declarati
Page 7 and 8: 7 3.4 Evaluation of Transportation
Page 9 and 10: 9 7.1.1 Findings of the Study 117 7
Page 11 and 12: 11 Table 6. 12: Table 6. 13: Table
Page 13 and 14: 13 Figure 5. 14: Relationship betwe
Page 16 and 17: 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishe
Page 18 and 19: 18 Congestion Index (RCI), Volume C
Page 20 and 21: 20 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Gener
Page 22 and 23: 22 seriously affect the economic po
Page 24 and 25: 24 The specific objectives of the s
Page 26 and 27: 26 Literature Review Development an
Page 28 and 29: 28 Dhaka. In that study it was foun
Page 30 and 31: 30 structural improvement of road t
Page 32 and 33: 32 adequate to provide a comprehens
Page 36 and 37: 36 2.4.2 Comments on Transportation
Page 38 and 39: 38 assigned to modes and routes on
Page 40 and 41: 40 motor car, truck, auto rickshaws
Page 42 and 43: 42 The changing focus in transport
Page 44 and 45: 44 trips, Auto Rickshaw Shares 13%
Page 46 and 47: 46 stagnant for long time on roads.
Page 48 and 49: 48 amount, which is 26% of total da
Page 50 and 51: 50 congestion and consequent air po
Page 52 and 53: 52 Development of an Urban Transpor
Page 54 and 55: 54 travel time etc. should be direc
Page 56 and 57: 56 Due to the lack of availability
Page 58 and 59: 58 The modal split analyses are bas
Page 60 and 61: 60 Under the assumption that ξ n i
Page 62 and 63: 62 assignment. Three widely used me
Page 64 and 65: 64 equal to the total number of DCC
Page 66 and 67: 66 Tertiary types are Professional,
Page 68 and 69: 68 3.4.1 Way to Quantify Congestion
Page 70 and 71: 70 coefficients are not clear. Neve
Page 72 and 73: 72 RC = the maximum volume of traff
Page 74 and 75: 74 3.3 Summary This chapter describ
Page 76 and 77: 76 4.2 Components of DUTM The DUTM
Page 78 and 79: 78 4.2.2 Trip Distribution The trip
Page 80 and 81: 80 4.3 Model Calibration 4.3.1 Cali
Page 82 and 83: 82 4.3.3 Calibration of Link Volume
Page 84 and 85:
84 1.8 1.6 1.4 MAD r a t i o 1.2 1
Page 86 and 87:
86 Chapter 5 BASELINE ANALYSIS AND
Page 88 and 89:
88 5.2.2 Impact on Peak Period Volu
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90 % of Total Link Length with Peak
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92 individual traveling in a partic
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94 4 Volume Capacity Index (VCI) 3.
Page 96 and 97:
96 Peak period NO 2 emission in ton
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98 1.4 1.2 y = 0.0053x - 0.0714 R 2
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100 free flowing urban traffic at a
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102 influencing the time of or need
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104 tenth (CSI; 226.51 to 23.17) of
Page 106 and 107:
106 3000 280 2500 230 1000 Vehicle-
Page 108 and 109:
108 % of Total Link Length Wiht Pea
Page 110 and 111:
110 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 112 and 113:
112 6.4.3 Impact on Demand for Othe
Page 114 and 115:
114 Roadway Congestion Index (RCI)
Page 116 and 117:
116 % of Present Amount to be Incre
Page 118 and 119:
118 network reduces sudden upslope
Page 120 and 121:
120 3 10.5 Roadway Congestion Index
Page 122 and 123:
122 rickshaw and car are 3, 0.5, 0.
Page 124 and 125:
124 of bus is calculated individual
Page 126 and 127:
126 Peak Period RCI, TRI and VCI 5
Page 128 and 129:
128 6.7 Incorporation of Intra-city
Page 130 and 131:
130 reduction of air pollution is l
Page 132 and 133:
132 increased the demands of other
Page 134 and 135:
134 and auto-rickshaws improved bot
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136 findings and recommendations fo
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138 only be possible if the total a
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140 access to rail service was very
Page 142 and 143:
142 REFERENCES Ahsan, H.M. (1990).
Page 144 and 145:
144 Flavin and Christopher (1994),
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146 NCHRP Report 398, (1997); “Qu
Page 148 and 149:
148 Yi-Chin Hu and Paul Schonfeld (
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150 APPENDIX-A FIGURE - I: Map of R
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FIGURE - III: Map of Road Network o
Page 154 and 155:
154 APPENDIX-B TABLE-I: Employment
Page 156 and 157:
156 TABLE-III: Employment Shares of
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