Chapter Four

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31 2.12.2 Definition and classification of Magnoliaceae The family Magnoliaceae represents one of ten families in the order Magnoliales, with eight orders comprising the subclass Magnoliidae (Class Magnoliophyta; Angiosperms; Cronquist, 1981). The Magnoliaceae is subdivided into 12 genera containing approximately 220 species (Watanabe et al., 2002) to 230 species (Dandy, 1950), about eighty percent of which occur in Southeast Asia (Latimer, 1994, Watanabe et al., 2002). The family Magnoliaceae is an ancient plant family deemed by many plant systematists to encompass a group of the most primitive living angiosperms (Azuma et al., 1999). The three lagest genera of the family are Magnolia (80 species), Michelia (50), and Talauma (50) [Smith, 1977; Cronquist, 1981]. The small genus Liriodendron (2) is an important component of some forests in the southeastern United States. The remaining genera, all of which only occur naturally outside the United States, included Manglietia (25), Alicimandra (1), Aromadendron (4), Pachylarnax (2), Kmeria (2), Elmerellia (6), Paramichelia (3), and Tsoongiodendron (1) [Heywood, 1978]. Taxonomic classification of the Magnoliaceae has been undertaken by several systematists and while each may have used similar morphological characters in the classification system, the end result has been a series of conflicting schemes (Dandy, 1927; Law, 1984; Nooteboom, 1985, 1987; Liang and Nooteboom, 1993). The Magnoliaceae are evergreen or more commonly deciduous trees or shrubs (Cronquist, 1981). The leaves are alternate, simple, pinnately veined, petioled, entire (lobed in Liriodendron), and early deciduous stipules enclose the bud, their abscission leaving a characteristic scar around the node (Cronquist, 1981). Flowers are mostly
32 six or more merous with multiple series of petals, often in three series of three petals. The androecium is composed of numerous separate stamens (Smith, 1977). Scientific classification of Magnoliaceae (*from Wikipedia website) Kingdom: Plantae Genera: Division: Magnoliophyta Magnolioideae Elmerillia (4 species) Kmeria (5 species) Magnolia (128 species) Manglietia (29 species) Michelia (49 species) Pachylarnax (2 species) Liriodendroidae Liriodendron (2 species) Synonymous genera: Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Magnoliales Family: Magnoliaceae Juss. Alcimandra Dandy = Magnolia L. Aromadendron Blume = Magnolia L. Dugandiodendron Lozano = Magnolia L. Elmerrillia Dandy Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy Liriodendron L. Magnolia L. Manglietia Blume Manglietiastrum Y.W.Law = Magnolia L. Michelia L. Pachylarnax Dandy Parakmeria Hu & W.C.Cheng = Magnolia L. Paramichelia Hu = Michelia L. Talauma Juss. = Magnolia L. Tsoongiodendron Chun = Michelia L.
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Def
Page 3 and 4: 10 they also have a huge potential
Page 5 and 6: 12 Table 2.3 Principle functions of
Page 7 and 8: 14 Table 2.4 Recent studies on sapr
Page 9 and 10: 16 and Todd (1979) defined the defi
Page 11 and 12: 18 together form the most abundant
Page 13 and 14: 20 Group 1. Ingoldian fungi: used i
Page 15 and 16: 22 β-tubulin and histone gene sequ
Page 17 and 18: 24 ascomycete, known only from the
Page 19 and 20: 26 was probably due to the easily o
Page 21 and 22: 28 preliminary account of the Xylar
Page 23: 30 2.12 Magnoliaceae The Magnoliace
Page 27 and 28: 34 Figure 2.2 Magnolia liliifera. 1
Page 29 and 30: 36 Figure 2.3 Manglietia garrettii.
Page 31 and 32: 38 2.12.3 Importance of Magnoliacea
Page 33 and 34: 40 Erysiphe communis f. liriodendri
Page 35 and 36: 42 Sphaerella carpogena Pass., Diag
Page 37 and 38: 44 Cylindrosporium cercosporoides E
Page 39 and 40: 46 Phyllosticta macrospora Ellis &
Page 41 and 42: 48 Stigmina liriodendri Ellis & Eve
Page 43 and 44: 50 Campsotrichum circinatum Berk. &
Page 45 and 46: 52 Dimerosporium caerulescens Rehm,
Page 47 and 48: 54 Leptothyrella langloisii (Ellis
Page 49 and 50: 56 Phyllosticta magnoliae-pumilae S
Page 51 and 52: 58 Zignoëlla magnoliae Tracy & Ear
Page 53 and 54: 60 Phellinus obliquus var. antillar
Page 55 and 56: 62 Diplodia magnoliicola Brunaud, B
Page 57 and 58: 64 Naemospora rufa Berk. & M.A. Cur
Page 59 and 60: 66 Sphaeropsis magnoliae Ellis & De
Page 61 and 62: 68 Heterosporium magnoliae Weedon,
Page 63 and 64: 70 Verticillium candelabrum Bonord.
Page 65 and 66: 72 Scolecopeltis salacensis Racib.,
Page 67 and 68: 74 Basidiomycetes Endophyllum mahes

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