design and implementation of thyristor switched shunt capacitors a ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv ÖZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Power Quality Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Principles of FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.1 Series FACTS Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 Shunt FACTS Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 Combined Series and Shunt FACTS Controller 5 1.3 Thyristor Switched Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Scope of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLES OF TSC . . . . 11 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 Application Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.2.1 Reactive Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2.2 Harmonic Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2.3 Terminal Voltage Regulation . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.4 Induction Motor Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 viii
2.3 Switching Performance of TSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.3.1 Switching Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.2 The Concept of Transient Free Switching . . . 29 2.4 Possible Hybrid Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4.1 Thyristor Controlled Reactor and TSC . . . . 36 2.4.2 Static Synchronous Compensator and TSC . . 38 2.4.3 Active Power Filter and TSC . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.5 Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 Selection Criterion of Circuit Topology . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3 Selection Criterion of Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3.1 Discharge Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.3.1.1 Discharge Resistor . . . . . . . . . 51 3.3.1.2 Discharge Reactor . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.3.2 Unbalance Detection Technique . . . . . . . . 53 3.4 Selection Criterion of Inductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.5 Selection Criterion of Power Semiconductor Switches . . 58 3.5.1 Design of Snubber Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.5.2 Design of Heatsink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.6 Design of Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.6.1 TSC Enabling Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.6.2 Other Supportive Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.7 Key Points in Design of TSC Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . 71 3.8 Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.2 Laboratory Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.2.1 Contactor Switched Plain Capacitor . . . . . . 78 4.2.1.1 Connection to the Busbar . . . . . 78 ix
Page 1 and 2: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THYRIS
Page 3 and 4: I hereby declare that all informati
Page 5 and 6: ÖZ TRİSTÖR ANAHTARLAMALI ŞÖNT
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES TABLES Table 1.1 Cur
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.9 (a) Equivalent circuit r
Page 15 and 16: Figure 4.8 Resultant line-to-line v
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4.38 3 Phase current wavefor
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Power Qu
Page 21 and 22: this disturbance since they do not
Page 23 and 24: driving algorithm and it has to wit
Page 25 and 26: how to improve the transient respon
Page 27 and 28: From the practical view, the less t
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION AND PR
Page 31 and 32: as switching devices instead of ant
Page 33 and 34: Directly Connected Clients 35 33 30
Page 35 and 36: 2.2.2 Harmonic Filtration A pure si
Page 37 and 38: components dramatically. The follow
Page 39 and 40: 20A 20A 15A 15A Line Current 10A Li
Page 41 and 42: VS RS XS VL Source Load IL Ic Compe
Page 43 and 44: a couple of cycles. However, at lea
Page 45 and 46: i + + VT - T1 T2 V + VC - L C Figur
Page 47 and 48: 2.15 shows that there are some comp
Page 49 and 50: waveform directly follows the sourc
Page 51 and 52: is known as copper loss of the tran
Page 53 and 54: components parallel to the thyristo
Page 55 and 56: Ls Coupling Transformer V TCR TSC L
Page 57 and 58: +1.0 Reactive Power, Q (pu) Inducti
Page 59 and 60:
V V max V max = voltage limit I Cma
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power system. Voltage source conver
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timing of switching must be when th
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Table 3.1: Type of the excavators a
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3.3 Selection Criterion of Capacito
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minutes should be given to self-dis
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possible in order to achieve a tran
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advantage. It is not affected by th
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(a) (b) Figure 3.7: PSCAD model of
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this value is at least twice of the
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of the reverse recovery current and
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curve in its datasheet should be ta
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Figure 3.13: The current distributi
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stays in inductive or capacitive re
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”ENB A, ENB B and ENB C” are co
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3.7 Key Points in Design of TSC Cab
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chapter, some basic calculations to
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CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 4.1
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(a) Contactor Switched Plain Capaci
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ated capacitor current. This inrush
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current. Line-to-line voltage is al
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(a) Three phase current waveform at
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4.2.2 Contactor Switched Shunt Filt
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to high inrush current causes a con
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(a) Voltage Waveform across the cap
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This transient has also negligible
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(a) Three phase current waveform at
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Figure 4.17: Resultant 3φ Capacito
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 4.21: Resultant line-to-line
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Figure 4.24: Firing pulses, voltage
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566 uF 2x6.0 MVA TM 34.5 kV 500 / 5
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Experimental results will be presen
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+1.6 +0.66 Thyristor Voltage (kV) -
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+1.5 +1.0 Capacitor Voltage (kV) +0
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+1.5 +1.0 Capacitor Voltage (kV) +0
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increase in current can be approxim
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would be given to the supply voltag
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250 1 cycle transient fft 200 I Pha
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4.4 TSC Cabinet Interior Equipment
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4.5 Discussion In contactor or thyr
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• Delta-connected TSC topology is
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[13] Tabandeh, M., Alavi, M.H., Mar
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[38] Bilgin, H.F., “Design and Im
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Since the roots of this equation ar
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APPENDIX B DISTINCTIVE CURVES OF TH
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135 Figure B.2: Stored charge and r
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APPENDIX C DETAILS OF THE CONTROL C
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139 Figure C.2: P-CAD 2002 Schemati
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Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
147 Figure C.10: P-CAD 2002 Schemat
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149 Figure D.1: General view of the
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APPENDIX E APPLICATION MODEL OF THE
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153 Figure E.2: 3 dimensional plot
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155 Figure F.1: Installed SVC syste
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157 Figure F.3: Installed SVC syste
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