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A CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBSPACES AND QUOTIENTS OF REFLEXIVE BANACH SPACES WITH UNCONDITIONAL BASES W. B. JOHNSON and BENTUO ZHENG Abstract We prove that the dual or any quotient of a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property (UTP) has the UTP. This is used to prove that a separable reflexive Banach space with the UTP embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis. This solves several longstanding open problems. In particular, it yields that a quotient of a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional finitedimensional decomposition (UFDD) embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis. 1. Introduction It has long been known that Banach spaces with unconditional bases as well as their subspaces are much better behaved than general Banach spaces and that many of the reflexive spaces (including L p (0, 1), 1