Family Cichlidae (Cichlids) - Sven Kullander

Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in Peru, Colombia
and Brazil; Oyapock River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru,
Remarks and references: Redescription based on Peruvian material
in Kullander (1986: 51), with diagnosis, description, distribution
and illustrations.
Common names: Kounanni (French Guiana), Toukounaré (French
Guiana), Tucunare (Peru), Tucunaré-açu (Brazil), Tucunari
(Peru)
Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 340, pl. 66. Type locality:
India orientali. Holotype: ZMB 2839.
Acharnes speciosus Müller & Troschel, 1849: 622. Type locality:
Küste; Mündung des Essequibo.
Maximum length: 41 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Guianan rivers from the Marowijne
drainage in Suriname and French Guiana to the Essequibo drainage
in Guyana.
Countries: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
Common names: Kounanni (French Guiana), Lukanani (Guyana),
Pavón (Venezuela), Toukounaré (French Guiana), Tucunaré açu
(Brazil)
Cichla orinocensis Humboldt, 1821
Cichla orinocensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:
167, pl. 45 (fig. 3). Type locality: les rives de l’Orénoque et du
Guainia ou Rio Negro. No types preserved.
Cichla argus Valenciennes in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:
169. Type locality: [Not stated]. Holotype: MNHN A.1042.
Maximum length: 61.7 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, in tributaries of
the Orinoco River in Colombia and Venezuela; Amazon River
basin, in the Negro River basin.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Redescription based on Venezuelan
material in Machado-Allison (1971), as C. ocellaris.
Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821
Cichla temensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:
169. Type locality: Temi. No types known.
Cichla atabapensis Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:
168. Type locality: l’Orénoque; Rio Atabapo. No types known.
Cichla tucunare Heckel, 1840: 409. Type locality: Rio-branco.
Types in NMW, not found.
Cychla flavo-maculata Jardine, 1843: 145, pl. 6. Type locality: Rio
Negro and Padauiri. No types known.
Cychla trifasciata Jardine, 1843: 151, pl. 9. Type locality: Rio
Negro; Padauiri. No types known.
Cichla unitaeniatus Magalhães, 1931: 225. Type locality: Rio
Negro e do Purus. No types preserved.
Maximum length: 75 cm TL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin in the Negro
and Uatumã River drainages; Orinoco River basin in tributaries
of the Orinoco River in Venezuela and Colombia.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Remarks and references: Redescription based on Venezuelan
material in Machado-Allison (1971).
Common names: Pavón (Venezuela), Tucunaré (Brazil)
CICHLASOMA
Cichlasoma Swainson, 1839: 230. Type species: Labrus bimaculatus
Linnaeus, 1758. Under the plenary power of the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2000: 131). Gender:
neuter. As Cichlaurus on p. 173; Swain (1882: 284) acts as first
reviser selecting Cichlasoma (see Bailey 1957: 303). Originally
as Plesiops (Cichlasoma).
Cichlaurus Swainson, 1839: 173. Type species: Labrus bimaculatus
Linnaeus, 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Gender:
masculine. Without species but clear from text that this was another
name for Cichlasoma Swainson (1839: 230); Swain (1882:
284), acts as first reviser selecting Cichlasoma.
Cichlosoma Regan, 1905a: 61. Type species: Labrus bimaculatus
Linnaeus, 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Gender:
neuter.
‘Cichlasoma’ aguadae Hubbs, 1936
Cichlasoma urophthalmus aguadae Hubbs, 1936: 270, pl. 14 (fig.
7). Type locality: Aguada at Tuxpeña, interior Campeche, about
90 km. south, and 40 km. east of Champoton. Holotype: UMMZ
64477.
Maximum length: 9.5 cm SL
Distribution: North America: Atlantic slope, Tuxpeña, Mexico.
Countries: Mexico
Remarks and references: The generic allocation of this species is
still uncertain. It belongs to the tribe Heroini, but is maintained as
an Incertae Sedis species of Cichlasoma pending a revision of
heroin cichlids traditionally assigned to the cichlasomatin genus
Cichlasoma.
‘Cichlasoma’ alborum Hubbs, 1936
Cichlasoma urophthalmus alborum Hubbs, 1936: 268, pl. 13 (fig.
3). Type locality: Rio Usumacinta at Montecristo, Tobasco, Mexico.
Holotype: USNM 50501.
Maximum length: 18.6 cm SL
Distribution: North America: Atlantic slope, in the Usumacinta
River, Mexico.
Countries: Mexico
Remarks and references: The generic allocation of this species is
still uncertain. It belongs to the tribe Heroini, but is maintained as
an Incertae Sedis species of Cichlasoma pending a revision of
heroin cichlids traditionally assigned to the cichlasomatin genus
Cichlasoma.
‘Cichlasoma’ amarum Hubbs, 1936
Cichlasoma urophthalmus amarum Hubbs, 1936: 272, fig. 1. Type
locality: A salt or brackish water lagoon on Mujeres Island, off
the east coast of Yucatan, near the tip of the peninsula. Holotype:
USNM 50504.
Maximum length: 15.8 cm SL
Distribution: North America: Caribbean coast, Isla Mujeres, off
the eastern coast of Yucatán Peninsula.
Countries: Mexico
Remarks and references: The generic allocation of this species is
still uncertain. It belongs to the tribe Heroini, but is maintained as
an Incertae Sedis species of Cichlasoma pending a revision of
heroin cichlids traditionally assigned to the cichlasomatin genus
Cichlasoma.
Cichlasoma amazonarum Kullander, 1983
Cichlasoma amazonarum Kullander, 1983a: 115, pl. 5 (fig. 2).
Type locality: Peru, depto Loreto, R. Ampiyacu system, little
upstreams of Pebas, Sacarita del Tuyé, right bank tributary of the
R. Ampiyacu, floating meadow near mouth. Holotype: NRM
39271.
Maximum length: 11.4 cm SL
Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, from the Ucayali,
Huallaga, Amazon and Yavarí River drainages in Peru, along
the mainstream Amazon-Solimões River in Colombia and Brazil
to the mouth; also in French Guyana and Amapá State.
Countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru
Common names: Acará (Brazil), Bujurqui (Peru), Prapra (French
Guiana)
Cichlasoma araguaiense Kullander, 1983
Cichlasoma araguaiense Kullander, 1983a: 252, pl. 14 (fig. 1).
Type locality: Brasil, est. Mato Grosso, R. Araguaia system,
621