TOPS-20 PASCAL Language Manual - Bitsavers

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PROCEDURE AND FUNCTION CALLING SEQUENCES Figure G-2 shows the stack frame in its entirety, just first executable statement in a procedure. prior to the AC16 -) 1111111111111111111111111I I previous stack frame I 11111111111111111111111111 parameter values, addresses, descriptors saved stack pointer caller's return addressl ========================== dynamic link static link function value (if a function) 2 words I local variables I 11111111111111111111111111 oversized value parameters
PROCEDURE AND FUNCTION CALLING SEQUENCES 4. Copy the current frame pointer into AC O. dynamic link. Th i sis the 5. Determine the frame pointer of the block lexically enclosing the called procedure, and copy it into AC o This is the static link. 6. Call the procedure by means of a PUSHJ. After the called procedure returns, the stack is restored to its previous state. <strong>PASCAL</strong> expects the called procedure to preserve all accumulators except ACs a and~. (Note particularly that AC 16, the f ram e po i n t e r , m u s t be res tor e d . ) I nth e cas e 0 f a f un c t ion, the function value is returned in AC a (P,Cs a and 1 if the function is of type DOUBLE). G.3 PARAMETER PASSING How a parameter is passed depends on what kind of parameter it is and, for a value parameter, how large it is. The five different methods used to pass parameters are: 1. Value parameter by value 2. Value parameter by address 3 • Re fe renCE! (VAR) parameter 4 • Procedure/function parameter 5. Conformant array parameter Each of these methods is described be]ow. G.3.1 Value Parameter Passed By Value A value parameter passed by value is simply pushed onto the stack. This method is used for sets, DOUBLE, and any type that fits into a single word, including integer, real, char, pointers, scalars, and small packed arrays and records. G.3.2 Value Parameter Passed By Address Any value parameter larger than one word, other than a DOUBLE or set parameter, is passed by address. The address of the parameter, without indirection or indexing, is pushed onto the stack. It is the responsibility of the called procedure to copy the parameter into its own local storage. G-3
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TOPS-20 PASCAL Language Manual AA-L
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CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUC
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7 • 1 . 1 7 . 1 . 2 7 • 1 . 3 7
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G-l G-2 G-3 G-4 Status of Stack Aft
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• Appendix A lists the various me
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION PASCAL-20 is
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PROGRAM Calculator (INPUT, OUTPUT);
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INTRODUCTION 1.1.6 Compilation Unit
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INTRODUCTION 1.2.3 Identifiers PASC
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INTRODUCTION The semicolon and the
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INTRODUCTION In the following examp
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CHAPTER 2 PASCAL DATA TYPES This ch
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PASCAL DATA TYPES In addition to de
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PASCAL DATA TYPES You can use strin
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PASCAL DATA TYPES The base type can
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PASCAL DATA TYPES is BOOLEAN, then
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PASCAL DATA TYPES In the three-dime
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PASCAL DATA TYPES To assign values
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PASCAL DATA TYPES 2.3.1.5 Array Exa
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PASCAL DATA TYPES The fields in thi
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PASCAL DATA TYPES 2.3.2.2 Assigning
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PASCAL DATA TYPES For example, assu
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PASCAL DATA TYPES Sets are compatib
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PASCAL DATA TYPES Example 3 F I 1..
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PASCAL DATA TYPES Pointer type defi
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PASCAL DATA TYPES Example 2 VAR Cit
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EXPRESSIONS Table 3-1: Arithmetic O
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EXPRESSIONS TabJe 1-2: Result Types
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EXPRESSIONS The set operators (+, *
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EXPRESSIONS PROGRAM Level_.O (IN PU
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CHAPTEH 4 PROGRAM HEADING AND DECLA
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PROGRAM HEADING AND DECLARATION SEC
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PASCAL STATEMENTS Simple and compou
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PASCAL STATEMENTS Example q Ase~5 :
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PASCAL STATEMENTS The objects of th
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PASCAL STATEMENTS Example 1 CASE EN
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PASCAL STATE~ENTS Example 4 := 1 TO
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PASC~L STATEMENTS 5.5 THE WITH STAT
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PASCAL STATEMENTS Example FOR I :=
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CHAPTER ~ PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Table ~-l:
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Table ~-1:
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS This progr
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS You can al
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS This progr
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Boolean fu
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Table h-3:
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Data items
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS The actual
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS An optiona
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Example 1
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS Fo rma t 1
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS As a resul
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS label sect
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PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS The functi
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PROCEDURES AND FUNrTIONS Example 1
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CHAPTER 7 INPUT AND OUTPUT This cha
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INPUT AND OUTPUT In executing this
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INPUT AND OUTPUT where: file variab
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INPUT AND OUTPUT When you reach the
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INPUT AND OUTPUT To specify only th
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INPUT AND OUTPUT 7.7.4 Record Type
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INPUT AND OUTPUT This example cause
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INPUT AND OUTPUT 7.9 THE PUT PROCED
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INPUT AND OUTPUT READ does not read
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INPUT AND OUTPUT This program fragm
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INPUT AND OUTPUT You must call REWR
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INPUT AND OUTPUT The following rule
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INPUT AND OUTPUT This example write
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INPUT l\ND OUTPUT Example 1 BEGIN W
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INPUT AND OUTPUT The first referenc
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 8.2 FILE SP
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 After plann
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USING P~SCAL ON TOPS-20 /TAKE The /
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 If you omit
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 The first c
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• AVERAGE SCORE SOURCE LISTING o
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 The compile
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USING PASCAL ON TOPS-20 8.4.6.3 Cro
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USTNG PASCAL ON TOPS-20 Example 3 f
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PASDDT: THE PASCAL-20 DEBUGGER 9.3
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PASDDT: THE PASCAL-?O DEBUGGER cons
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PASDDT: THE PASCAL-20 DEBUGGER As s
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PASDDT: THE PASCAL-20 DEBUGGER Note
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PASDDT: THE PAS~AL-20 DEBUGGER ]. T
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P~SDDT: THE PASCAL-?O DEBUGGER To r
Page 193 and 194: ._------------- Table A-I: Run-time
Page 195 and 196: PASCAL MESSAGES -------------------
Page 197 and 198: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PASOl7 "BEGIN" ex
Page 199 and 200: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PASIOS Sign not a
Page 201 and 202: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PAS130 Expression
Page 203 and 204: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PAS157 Case label
Page 205 and 206: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PAS184 External p
Page 207 and 208: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PAS?II Incorrect
Page 209 and 210: PASCAL MESSAGES ? PAS253 Too many a
Page 211: PASCAL MESSAGES % PAS457 Nonstandar
Page 214 and 215: ASCII CHARACTER SET Table 8-1: The
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX C SYNTAX SUMMARY This appe
Page 219 and 220: SYNTAX Sm1MARY ::= I I I I
Page 221 and 222: SYNTAX Sur~MARY ::= := ::= I
Page 223 and 224: SYNTAX SU~1MARY ::= ft ::= ::=
Page 225: SYNTAX SUr-1MARY ""= ::= ,
Page 228 and 229: -------- ---- ---- ----------------
Page 230 and 231: ISO COMPLIANCE 4. A program paramet
Page 232 and 233: ISO CO~PLIANCE The DISPOSE procedur
Page 234 and 235: ISO COMPLIANCE In the UNPACK(z,i. ,
Page 236 and 237: ISO COMPLIANCE In a FOR statement,
Page 239 and 240: APPENDIX F DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASC
Page 241 and 242: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASCAL-20 AND V
Page 243: APPENDIX G PROCEDURE AND FUNCTION C
Page 247 and 248: PROCEDURE ~ND FUNCTION CALLING SEQU
Page 249 and 250: INDEX /ABORT switch, 8-7 ABS functi
Page 251 and 252: Function (Cont.) EOF, 1-7, 6-14 EOL
Page 253: INDEX (Co n t. ) Set operator, 1-8,
Page 256: - Do Not Tear - Fold Here and Tape
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