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ARC, none), thereby preclud<strong>in</strong>g analyses of amount of <strong>preparation</strong> by type. As observed by S<strong>in</strong>delar<br />

et al. (2004) and Brownell et al. (2004), the <strong>in</strong>tensity of <strong>teacher</strong> <strong>preparation</strong> has been shown<br />

<strong>in</strong> other research to produce effective <strong>teacher</strong>s regardless of whether <strong>preparation</strong> was obta<strong>in</strong>ed by<br />

traditional or ARC programs.<br />

Thus, a high percentage of <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong> SETs and GETs completed extensive and often costly<br />

(<strong>in</strong> time and resources) <strong>preparation</strong> <strong>in</strong> pedagogy and supervised teach<strong>in</strong>g. It is there<strong>for</strong>e worth<br />

know<strong>in</strong>g whether different amounts of <strong>preparation</strong> (i.e., extensive, some, or none) yield more<br />

qualified <strong>teacher</strong>s.<br />

Do Teacher Qualifications Vary by Amount of Teacher Preparation?<br />

Certification <strong>in</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong> Teach<strong>in</strong>g Assignment. As seen <strong>in</strong> Table 1, 75.2% of <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong> SETs<br />

with extensive <strong>preparation</strong> <strong>in</strong> pedagogy and supervised teach<strong>in</strong>g were fully certified <strong>in</strong> their ma<strong>in</strong><br />

teach<strong>in</strong>g assignment, a level dramatically higher than <strong>for</strong> SETs with only some <strong>preparation</strong><br />

(33.0%) and SETs without <strong>preparation</strong> (14.2%). These differences demonstrate the effectiveness<br />

of extensive <strong>teacher</strong> <strong>preparation</strong> <strong>in</strong> produc<strong>in</strong>g SETs who meet state standards <strong>for</strong> full certification/licensure,<br />

and the <strong>in</strong>effectiveness of lesser amounts of <strong>preparation</strong>. Compared with <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />

SETs, the fully-certified percentages <strong>for</strong> <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong> GETs were higher <strong>for</strong> all three amounts<br />

of <strong>teacher</strong> <strong>preparation</strong>. The lower percentage of fully-certified SETs than GETs persisted dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />

the 1990s (Boe & Cook, <strong>in</strong> press). It is one <strong>in</strong>dex of the greater shortage of qualified SETs.<br />

In- and out-of-field teach<strong>in</strong>g assignment. Beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g SETs with extensive <strong>teacher</strong> <strong>preparation</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong> pedagogy and supervised teach<strong>in</strong>g were more likely to secure <strong>in</strong>-field teach<strong>in</strong>g assignments<br />

(44.0%) than those who with only some <strong>preparation</strong> (26.2%) or those who were not prepared<br />

(5.5%) (see Table 1). These <strong>in</strong>-field percentages are much lower than seen <strong>for</strong> <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong> GETs.<br />

One reason <strong>for</strong> the much lower <strong>in</strong>-field percentage of extensively prepared SETs than GETs is<br />

that 37% of extensively prepared first-time SETs did not have degree majors <strong>in</strong> special education.<br />

Instead, they had degrees <strong>in</strong> general education or <strong>in</strong> academic discipl<strong>in</strong>es (and only about<br />

25% of these were fully certified <strong>in</strong> their ma<strong>in</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g assignment <strong>in</strong> special education) (Boe &<br />

Cook, <strong>in</strong> press). The lack of degree majors <strong>in</strong> special education is another <strong>in</strong>dex of the shortage<br />

of qualified <strong>teacher</strong>s <strong>for</strong> positions <strong>in</strong> this field.<br />

Degree major field. As also shown <strong>in</strong> Table 1, 66.5% of <strong>beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g</strong> SETs with extensive<br />

<strong>preparation</strong> <strong>in</strong> pedagogy and supervised teach<strong>in</strong>g majored <strong>in</strong> special education, while 21.7% majored<br />

<strong>in</strong> general education (i.e., these were out-of-field). These percentages of education majors<br />

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