Interim Report - Hanford Site

Contents
Summary ............................................................................................................................................
Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................. v
Acronyms........................................................................................................................................... vii
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1.1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1.1
1.1.1 300 Area Uranium Plume ........................................................................................ 1.1
1.1.2 Polyphosphate Remediation Technology ................................................................ 1.6
1.2 Objectives........................................................................................................................... 1.8
2.0 Laboratory Testing – Materials and Methods ............................................................................ 2.1
2.1 Polyphosphate Hydrolysis Experiments............................................................................. 2.1
2.2 Autunite and Apatite Formation......................................................................................... 2.3
2.2.1 Batch Experiments................................................................................................... 2.3
2.2.2 Column Experiments ............................................................................................... 2.4
2.3 Immobilization of Uranium by Apatite.............................................................................. 2.5
2.3.1 Apatite Pre-Equilibration......................................................................................... 2.5
2.3.2 Kinetic Experiments ................................................................................................ 2.6
2.3.3 Loading Experiments............................................................................................... 2.6
2.3.4 Desorption Experiments .......................................................................................... 2.7
2.3.5 Column Experiments ............................................................................................... 2.8
2.4 Apatite Barrier Longevity .................................................................................................. 2.8
2.4.1 Single-Pass Flow-Through Test Methods................................................................ 2.8
2.5 Effect of pH and Temperature on the Dissolution Kinetics of Meta-
Autunite Minerals............................................................................................................... 2.11
2.5.1 Starting Materials..................................................................................................... 2.12
3.0 Results and Discussion............................................................................................................... 3.1
3.1 Polyphosphate Hydrolysis Experiments............................................................................. 3.1
3.2 Apatite and Autunite Formation......................................................................................... 3.3
3.2.1 Batch Experiments................................................................................................... 3.3
3.2.2 Column Experiments ............................................................................................... 3.8
3.3 Immobilization of Uranium via Apatite ............................................................................. 3.19
3.3.1 Sorption Kinetics ..................................................................................................... 3.20
3.3.2 Loading and Sorption Isotherms.............................................................................. 3.22
3.3.3 Desorption of Uranium ............................................................................................ 3.23
iii
ix