Joe Duffy.pdf
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LOE for Grading Clinical utility<br />
of Tumor Markers<br />
• I. High powered randomized prospective<br />
trial or meta/pooled analysis<br />
• II. Therapeutic trial to test therapeutic<br />
hypothesis but not marker utility<br />
• III. Large retrospective study<br />
• IV. Small retrospective study<br />
• V. Pilot study<br />
Hayes et al JNCI 1996;88:1456
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