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Not only technical, but socio-technical systems.<br />
Complexity <strong>of</strong> developed system vs. complexity <strong>of</strong> the developing team.<br />
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16.3.1 Brian Chatters, ICL: “Intro 1”<br />
Cf. EU’s Bangemann report from 1996 (?).<br />
Cf. Schneider. “Trust in Cyberspace”, 1998.<br />
Much existing s<strong>of</strong>tware technology; but poorly used. 250 different s<strong>of</strong>tware processes<br />
(standards) around: which to use?<br />
Companies with high CMM classification:<br />
Level 4 Level 5 Total<br />
US 28 17 45<br />
Australia 1 0 1<br />
Israel 1 0 1 (Motorola)<br />
India 14 10 24<br />
Time from level 1 to level 2: 25 months.<br />
Time from level 2 to level 3: 23 months.<br />
Time from level 3 to level 4: 36 months.<br />
Present state:<br />
- 3–4 months project length: halved in two years, 9–10 project workers.<br />
- Partnering between developers and customers.<br />
- Time-to-market pressure.<br />
- “e-mad” with Internet time.<br />
- Critical dependency on vendor/COTS.<br />
Ex. UK Passport <strong>of</strong>fice fiasco (£ millions).<br />
UK Driving theory test bug (£ 300?), 80 questions.<br />
Ex. 5 public UK <strong>of</strong>fices, 500 mill. £.<br />
So: SPI is insufficient. S<strong>of</strong>tware continues to fail in meeting expectations.<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> needs:<br />
- empirical evidence<br />
- analysis <strong>of</strong> evidence<br />
- descriptive vs. prescriptive<br />
- historical perspective<br />
Reidar Conradi: Report from Sabbatical year 1999/2000 Page 39 <strong>of</strong> 48
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