SYMMETRIES in PHYSICS

Symmetry and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Selected Groups and Symmetries
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Fundamental Symmetries of Nuclear Forces [2]
Denote ˆx df . = {⃗r,⃗p,⃗s,⃗t}. Nuclear interactions have the form
̂V (ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 ) ≡ ̂V C (ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 ) + ̂V T (ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 ) + ̂V LS (ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 ) + ̂V LL 2(ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 )
where: C-central, T -tensor, LS-spin-orbit and LL 2 -quadratic LS
Tensor Interaction [Non-Central]
⃗ S
(12) df .
= 3 (⃗s 1 ·⃗r 12 )(⃗s 2 ·⃗r 12 ) − (⃗s 1 · ⃗s 2 ) r12
2
r12
2
and r 12
df .
= |⃗r 1 −⃗r 2 |
̂V T (ˆx 1 , ˆx 2 ) = [V t0 (r 12 ) + V t1 (r 12 )⃗t 1 ·⃗t 2 ] ⃗ S (12)
Invariant under rotations, translations, inversion and time-reversal
Jerzy DUDEK
SYMMETRIES in PHYSICS