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SYMMETRIES in PHYSICS

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Symmetry and Groups: Historical Aspects<br />

Symmetry <strong>in</strong> Physics: A Short History<br />

Group Theory: First Concepts<br />

Symmetry: How Did It All Beg<strong>in</strong>?<br />

Kepler (1611) - observes hexagonal symmetry of snow crystals<br />

Steno (1669) - observes that <strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ation angles of faces of the<br />

quartz crystals are the same → <strong>in</strong>dependent of the crystal size<br />

De Lisle (1783) - angles between crystal faces identify crystals<br />

Haüy (1784) - studies the symmetries: rotations & reflections<br />

Wollaston (1809) - first goniometer to measure crystal angles<br />

Hausmann (1821) - <strong>in</strong>troduces the spherical trigonometry<br />

Hessel (1830) - shows existence of 32 polyhedral symmetries<br />

Jerzy DUDEK<br />

<strong>SYMMETRIES</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>PHYSICS</strong>

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