Habi-35 Quest for partners in research on Multifunctional - Iiinstitute.nl

challenge these views, urban regeneration on Brownfield sites focusses on the identity of the place, <strong>in</strong>
such a way that it recalls images of cities from the past with high quality liv<strong>in</strong>g and civil design. M.I.L.U
k<strong>in</strong>d of approaches are most likely to succeed when they are escorted by an active relationship
between politicians and <strong>in</strong>habitants, by communication and actions which give vitality to all realms of
public life. Such approaches are part of a trend called 'urban projects', which is used to conduct global
and long-last<strong>in</strong>g urban renewal processes. These are at work <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> parts of Paris, Rennes, Nantes
and Marseille (urban project 'Euroméditerranée'). Lets hope numerous other cities will follow.
Appendix; The new legislative package.
The laws issued:
− <strong>in</strong> 1995 be<strong>in</strong>g updated <strong>in</strong> 1999, <strong>for</strong> the framework-law <strong>for</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>able spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g, LOADDT,
25/06/1999,
− <strong>in</strong> 1999, <strong>for</strong> the law enhanc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>termunicipal co-operation (12/07/1999, often called Loi
Chevenement, name of the M<strong>in</strong>ister who issued it),
− <strong>in</strong> 2000 <strong>for</strong> the law "SRU” re<strong>for</strong>m<strong>in</strong>g most of the French physical plann<strong>in</strong>g disposals and
regulations.
The legislative documents focus on:
1 - targets <strong>for</strong> development, to def<strong>in</strong>e and study <strong>in</strong> projects, after hav<strong>in</strong>g fixed the relevant perimeter of
the metropolitan area. The contracts, <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>for</strong> five years (f<strong>in</strong>ancial costs be<strong>in</strong>g shared
between State and communities) are to be based on the projects. Urban centres and rural
municipalities of the outl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g are to be considered as a whole, endur<strong>in</strong>g together the stresses of the
chang<strong>in</strong>g patterns <strong>in</strong> urban growth.
2- more spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> these new urban perimeters. A new type of structure plan (the 'SOOT'
Schema <strong>for</strong> coherence of the territory, issued <strong>in</strong> law SRU) Will be required and is presented as a
matter of priority. A new local plan (PLU : plan local d'urbanisime) complete the disposal urban areas
should have. For small towns a simplified procedure is <strong>for</strong>eseen, called municipal plan ('carte
communale'),
3- improvement of the social and spatial quality <strong>in</strong> urban areas : urban regeneration, comb<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g uses
of land, social equity and safeguard of natural land, are required. To promote these legislatives
objectives, municipalities can benefit of strongly <strong>in</strong>creased f<strong>in</strong>ancial endowment but shall decide of
shar<strong>in</strong>g substantive f<strong>in</strong>ancial resources.
The law on spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g and susta<strong>in</strong>ability (LOADDT) is <strong>for</strong> equity, social progress, economical
efficiency and <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g o environmental concerns. Strategic choices are made at the national level
with n<strong>in</strong>e schemes <strong>for</strong> common services, and <strong>for</strong> regional and local levels the law stresses the need
<strong>for</strong> relevant units to be constructed as actors <strong>in</strong> development.
Law SRU : Solidarity and urban regeneration, promote a shift from conceptions of the previous Land-
Use Act (Loi d'orientation foncibre, issued <strong>in</strong> 1967) to cohesion <strong>in</strong> urban physical plann<strong>in</strong>g.
Municipalities <strong>in</strong> a circle of 15 km from the limit of an urban centre of more of 15000 people (such a
circle does, most of the time, harmonize with the built-up area) are not allowed to open land to
urbanisation <strong>in</strong> some conditions. land supply less than 15 kms from the sea-shore is also concerned.
Furthermore a f<strong>in</strong>ancial mechanism to have frontagers pay<strong>in</strong>g their part <strong>for</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e open<strong>in</strong>g of new roads
is <strong>in</strong>cluded, <strong>in</strong> order to rnitiga disperse urbanisation. law is also want<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>in</strong>crease the l<strong>in</strong>k between
plann<strong>in</strong>g and hous<strong>in</strong>g strategy. It is oblig<strong>in</strong>g to welcome social hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> all urbi civil parishes.
Municipalities be<strong>in</strong>g more than 1500 people <strong>in</strong> parisian region and elsewhere <strong>35</strong>00 or more, if their
hous<strong>in</strong>g stock under the average of 20 % dedicated to social hous<strong>in</strong>g, will lose 152 euros a year <strong>for</strong>
each miss<strong>in</strong>g dwell<strong>in</strong>g from their endowment until the average is ensured. The law is also address<strong>in</strong>g
the problem of substandard dwell<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> urban centers.
At municapality stage, the local plan is steered <strong>in</strong> the same direction than the new Master plan. In the
previous document, thougn were mostly on hav<strong>in</strong>g enough provision of land to develop, the new one
(PLU : plan local d'urbanisme) expresses its project, relates to the whole territory of the civil-parish, <strong>for</strong>
development and plann<strong>in</strong>g, and take account of the differents approaches and viewpoir expressed
dur<strong>in</strong>g the preparation. Four types of land are to be identify : urban soil, land to develop, agricultural
land. natural land-districts almost natural and poor <strong>in</strong> services would no longer get the opportunity to
be built-up, even with low rights to urbanisation In small towns, the simplified plan will show areas to
Expert Meet<strong>in</strong>g page 66