Lecture Series in Mobile Telecommunications and Networks (1583KB)

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Welcome and introduction Professor Michael Walker (Chair): Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. For those of you who do not know me, I am the Research and Development Director for the Vodafone Group, and I would like to welcome you here this evening to the first lecture in the third series of lectures in mobile telecommunications and networks. These lectures are hosted by The Royal Academy of Engineering and sponsored by Vodafone. For those of you who are attending these lectures for the first time, let me just say a little about their purpose and history. To put things in perspective, at the moment more than 3 billion people in the world carry a mobile phone: more than half the population of the planet now have a mobile phone. Eighty per cent of those phones use one technology, GSM, which was invented in Europe and the UK played a very significant role not just in the invention of that technology but also in its commercialisation. This is a huge achievement. It has transformed people’s lives. I do not know any business that does not now rely on its employees having mobile phones for all sorts of things. Pretty well everybody in the Western world who wants a mobile phone has one – if people do not have one, it is because they choose not to and not for any other reason. Perhaps more importantly, in many developing countries, the mobile phone has been a force for total social change. Rural populations, for instance, can keep in contact with each other and the markets in which they sell their products. A few years ago, Kenyan farmers or Kenyan fishermen had no idea of the price of their product on the market: now, they know the price of their product on the market before they start harvesting, and that is all down to mobile phones and what you can do with them. This is a tremendous development in something under 20 years. The purpose of these lectures, when we instigated them three years ago, was to celebrate the tremendous engineering innovation that is still behind mobile systems and still contributing to their development today. Before we start the third series, I should just mention that the second series is available in a brochure which contains each lecture. Each series consists of three lectures, the first of which is always hosted here at the Royal Society, with the subsequent two taking place within the Royal Academy itself. For the first lecture, we always invite a world famous figure in the subject of mobile communications and its applications and tonight it is my pleasure to introduce Professor Kumar. Before I invite him to take the lectern and deliver his lecture, let me say a few words about his distinguished career. I hope you will forgive me if I keep referring to my notes here, because his career has been exceptionally long and distinguished and I could not possibly remember everything. Professor Kumar started with his first degree in Electrical Engineering at the IIT Madras in India. He then went to the US and read both Systems Science and Mathematics at Washington University, St Louis. He became a member of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Maryland and then, since 1985, he has been at the University of Illinois in Urbana, where currently he is the Franklin W Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Professor Kumar has received the Donald P. Eckman Award of the American Automatic Control Council; the IEEE Field Award in control Systems, and the Fred Ellersick Prize of the IEEE Communications Society, which was awarded in 2007. He is a fellow of the IEEE and a member of the US National Academy of Engineering. He has worked on problems in a huge number including game theory; adaptive control; stochastic systems; simulated annealing; neural networks; machine learning; queuing networks; manufacturing systems; scheduling and wafer fabrication. The list goes on to sensor networks and the subject about which he will talk tonight. The title of Professor Kumar’s lecture this evening is From Wireless Networks to Sensor Networks and Onward to Networked Embedded Control. Professor Kumar, I invite you to take the podium and address us. The Royal Academy of Engineering 5
From wireless networks to sensor networks and onward to networked embedded contrtol Professor PR Kumar Franklin W. Woeltge, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Thank you, Professor Walker, for that kind introduction. I must say that it is a great honour to be present in such an illustrious place in front of such a distinguished audience. Thank you for inviting me. I shall be talking about three things: wireless networks, sensor networks and network embedded control. The oncoming wireless era: from communication to sensing control 6 The Royal Academy of Engineering The underlying key is that we may be on the cusp of a wireless era. Let me sketch the elements of what that era could be. As Professor Walker pointed out, we are very much in the cellular systems era and countries like India and China are adding 8 million or so phones per month. I will look a little into the future, to see what else may be coming down the road. I will be talking about wireless networks where there is no need for any infrastructure. In cellular systems, there is a wired infrastructure and your telephone makes one wireless hop to the infrastructure and then it travels with the wired network. In the future, however, we may all be talking to each other without any infrastructure. It is not just communications. Already, we have these small gadgets. This is what is called a moat and it comes out of the University of California, Berkeley. You can connect your favourite sensor to that – it could be temperature sensor, or a light sensor, or a magnetic sensor or whatever. That gives you the ability to sense the environment, in addition to communication and computing – but it does not stop there. None of us is content with sensing and, the moment we sense something, we want to take action. I am not content with just knowing the speed of my car, but I want to go faster or slower. Once we have sensing and acting, that is called control and we may be exercising control over networks. In the US, since last year people have been talking about a new phrase, ‘cyberphysical systems’, and these are computers interacting with the environment, the cyber and the physical worlds coming together. This is really the convergence of communication, computation and control, and that is what I want to talk about. Ad hoc wireless networks There are several themes, the first of which is wireless networks. The type of wireless networks I shall be talking about are what are called ‘ad hoc wireless networks’. These are things that you can set up spontaneously, anywhere. A bunch of us could open up our laptops in this room or on a campus and then we could start interacting with each other. The current proposal for operating such wireless networks is what is called multi-hop relaying. How does that work? Let us say that this node wants to send packets of information to that node. This thing here says, ‘I want to talk’, and the nodes which hear it agree to keep quiet. Then this node says, ‘Okay, go ahead and talk to me’, and any node which hears that also keeps quiet. At this point, the neighbours of both these nodes have kept quiet and that facilitates a packet from here being sent to there, and being received without nearby interference. We can also send an acknowledgement back, saying ‘I received your packet’. So this four-phase handshake takes place and the packet of information makes one hop. It then continues on in a similar fashion until it reaches its destination, and that is a multihop wireless network.
Page 1 and 2: Lecture Series in Mobile Telecommun
Page 3 and 4: Foreword This compilation brings to
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Page 23 and 24: Welcome and introduction Professor
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Questions & Answers Michael Walker:
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Lecture Series in Mobile Telecommunications and Networks (1583KB)

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