Ber and other Jujubes monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Plates Plate 1. 30 day old rootstock seedling in polytube. Plate 2. 100 day old rootstock seedling in polytube ready for transplanting or budding Plate 3. Scion buds successfully sprouted Plate 4. Rootstock prepared for patch or shield budding Plate 5. Patch and shield buds inserted on the rootstocks Plate 6. Scion buds tied after insertion Plate 7. Fruitfly infested ber fruits Plate 8. Twigs infested by lac insects Plate 9. Powdery mildew infestation on young fruits and leaves Plate 10. Alternaria leaf spot Plate 11. Isariopsis leaf spot Plate 12. Rust on leaves Plate 13. Alternaria fruit spot Plate 14. Chinese date and peanut intercropping Plate 15. Morphological variability of leaves in Z. mauritiana Plates 16. & 17. Flowering and fruit set in Z. mauritiana Plate 18. cv. Ponda Plate 19. cv. Illaoichi Plate 20. cv. Umran Plate 21. cv. Kaithli Plate 22. cv. Banarsi Kadaka Plate 23. cv. Seb Plate 24. cv. Gola Plate 25. cv. Katha Phal Plate 26. Morphological variability of fruits in Z. mauritiana Plate 27. Morphological variability of stones in Z. mauritiana 141 141 141 142 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 145 146 146 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 150 150 152 152
Abbreviations ABA - AMP - BA - CIAH - CAN - DFID - dSM - ESP - FAO - GA - GDH - GOT - IAA - IBA - ICRAF - ICUC - IPGRI - IPM - IU - MPa - MS medium - NAA - NOXA - NRCAH - RH - SALWA - SAR - TBZ - TIBA - TMV - TSS - WHO - VAM - Abscissic Acid Adenosine monophosphate Benzyladenine Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Calcium ammonium nitrate (fertiliser) Department for International Development (UK) Decisiemen (unit measurement for soil salinity). Exchangeable Sodium Percentage Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Gibberellic Acid Glutamine dehydrogenase Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase Indole Acetic Acid Indole Butyric Acid World Agroforestry Centre (formerly International Centre for Research in Agroforestry) International Centre for Underutilised Crops International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Integrated Pest Management International Unit Megapascals (unit of measurement for osmotic potential) Murashige and Skoog medium Napthylacetic Acid Napthoxyacetic Acid National Research Centre for Arid Horticulture (India) Relative Humidity Semi Arid Lowlands of West Africa project of ICRAF Sodium Adsorption Ratio Thiabendazole 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid Tobacco Mosaic Virus Total Soluble Solids World Health Organization Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi ii
Page 1 and 2: Fruits for the Future 2 (Revised ed
Page 3 and 4: ICUC The International Centre for U
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.9 Antifungal activity..........
Page 7 and 8: 6.7.9 Minor foliar pathogens ......
Page 9: Tables Table 1.1 Vernacular names f
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy a
Page 15 and 16: Fruits are subglobose, ovoid or obl
Page 17 and 18: Leaves are petiolate 1.1-5.8 mm lon
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.1 Branch and leaf arrangem
Page 21 and 22: 1.5 The minor cultivated species Th
Page 23 and 24: Z. lotus occurs from Asia Minor, so
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1 Vernacular names for juju
Page 27 and 28: postdate that of the staple foods a
Page 29 and 30: (Xue and Xue, 2001). Six Z. jujuba
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.1 Nutritional constituents
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.2 Pectin A Tomoda et al., (1985
Page 35 and 36: 2.3.5.1 Betulinic acid Betulinic ac
Page 37 and 38: Oleanolic acid is known to have ant
Page 39 and 40: 2.4.10 Antidiabetic Extract of Z. m
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. Uses C. deKock 3.1 Intro
Page 43 and 44: In the Red Sea area pastoralists wi
Page 45 and 46: In China Z. jujuba is a major sourc
Page 47 and 48: eyes and its wood ash for the treat
Page 49 and 50: young shoots and fruits. Freezing t
Page 51 and 52: 4.4.2 Chinese jujube Chinese jujube
Page 53 and 54: three seeds per stone in Kenya, whe
Page 55 and 56: into two main categories: mechanica
Page 57 and 58: ange of products and services (live
Page 59 and 60: minimise root deformities, good see
Page 61 and 62:
Z. abyssinica rootstocks can also b
Page 63 and 64:
5.3.2.3 Transplanting of budded pla
Page 65 and 66:
5.3.3 Micropropagation Tissue cultu
Page 67 and 68:
et al., 1996) have also been observ
Page 69 and 70:
6.1.1 Training of plants: ber Ber h
Page 71 and 72:
6.2 Water management Availability o
Page 73 and 74:
tropical agroclimates, nitrogen def
Page 75 and 76:
Supplementing micronutrients throug
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There are some differences accordin
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and thus the extent of infestation
Page 81 and 82:
generations. The full-grown larva i
Page 83 and 84:
6.7 Diseases 6.7.1 Powdery mildew P
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6.7.2.1 Control The disease can be
Page 87 and 88:
6.7.6 Rust Although rust can be ser
Page 89 and 90:
6.7.8.6 Other fruit rot fungi A ran
Page 91 and 92:
7.1 Introduction Chapter 7. Breedin
Page 93 and 94:
7.3 Constraints/ bottlenecks in bre
Page 95 and 96:
selections of Z. jujuba cv. seedles
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nature, gene mutation occurs at a v
Page 99 and 100:
Transfer of powdery mildew resistan
Page 101 and 102:
chain reaction-restriction fragment
Page 103 and 104:
Chapter 8. Genetic Resources A. God
Page 105 and 106:
Lee, 1988; Metrofonova and Sheveluk
Page 107 and 108:
8.2.2 Reproductive variability 8.2.
Page 109 and 110:
diameter. As fruit development adva
Page 111 and 112:
information will be helpful for cho
Page 113 and 114:
y Bekanta and the lowest (8.5 %) by
Page 115 and 116:
pulp/stone ratio and yield (kg/plan
Page 117 and 118:
(85.0 %) and shoot length (82.0 %).
Page 119 and 120:
Table 8.3 Traits identified in ber
Page 121 and 122:
Table 8.4 Indian Institutions holdi
Page 123 and 124:
Chinese jujube rootstocks are most
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 9. Harvesting, post-harvest
Page 127 and 128:
9.2.1.3 Attributes of important Ind
Page 129 and 130:
Pre-harvest spraying of ethephon at
Page 131 and 132:
tropics. Ber trees can become prime
Page 133 and 134:
They are sorted and graded accordin
Page 135 and 136:
seven days. The improved storage li
Page 137 and 138:
However, this treatment has no effe
Page 139 and 140:
consumers prefer the more acidic fr
Page 141 and 142:
Flow chart 1. The preparation of de
Page 143 and 144:
Flow chart 2. The preparation of be
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Flow sheet 3. The preparation of be
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Ingredients for ber chutney 1 kg dr
Page 149 and 150:
immersing in cool water - do not us
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Flow chart 6. Preparation of ber ja
Page 153 and 154:
141 Plate 1. 30 day old rootstock s
Page 155 and 156:
Plate 7. Fruitfly infested ber frui
Page 157 and 158:
Plate 11. Isariopsis leaf spot Plat
Page 159 and 160:
Plates 16 & 17. Flowering and fruit
Page 161 and 162:
Plate 20. cv. Umran Plate 21. cv. K
Page 163 and 164:
Plate 24. cv. Gola Plate 25. cv. Ka
Page 166 and 167:
10.1 Introduction Chapter 10. Marke
Page 168 and 169:
Table 10.1 Percent price spread of
Page 170 and 171:
In countries of southern Africa whe
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter 11. Current situation and r
Page 174 and 175:
The monograph summarised important
Page 176 and 177:
limited characters e.g. yield (kg/p
Page 178 and 179:
11.3.5 Post-harvest studies Work on
Page 180 and 181:
Aggarwal, P., Bhupindeer, K. and Ba
Page 182 and 183:
Anonymous (1993) Development of Ume
Page 184 and 185:
Bakhshi, J. C. and Singh, P. (1974)
Page 186 and 187:
Bandyopadhyay, A. and Sen, S. K. (1
Page 188 and 189:
mauritiana Lamk.). In Bio-ecology a
Page 190 and 191:
Byun, J. K., Do, J. H. and Chang, K
Page 192 and 193:
Cheong, S. T., Kim, S. K., Peak, K.
Page 194 and 195:
Ciminata, P. (1996) The Chinese juj
Page 196 and 197:
Daulta, B. S. and Chauhan, K. S. (1
Page 198 and 199:
Dong, Y. X. and Song, E. T. (1988)
Page 200 and 201:
Gangwar, A. C. (1982) Economic feas
Page 202 and 203:
Govindu, H. C. and Thirumalachar, M
Page 204 and 205:
Gupta, O. P. (1983) Delicious candy
Page 206 and 207:
Gupta, R. B., Suneel Sharma, Sharma
Page 208 and 209:
Hooda, P. S., Sindhu, S. S., Mehta,
Page 210 and 211:
Ivanova, R. B. (1976) Raising plant
Page 212 and 213:
Joon, M. S., Singh, R. R. and Dault
Page 214 and 215:
Kant, U. and Arya, H. C. (1969) Gro
Page 216 and 217:
Kim, D. S. and Lee, S. P. (1988) St
Page 218 and 219:
Kossuth, S. V., Biggs, R. H., Webb,
Page 220 and 221:
Kundu, A. D., Barik, B. R., Mandal,
Page 222 and 223:
Lee, J. S. and Choi, M. J. (1992) A
Page 224 and 225:
Ma, W. L., Shi, Y. Q. and Wan, J. J
Page 226 and 227:
Mathur, N. and Vyas, A. (1995 d) In
Page 228 and 229:
Ming, W. and Sun, Y. (1986) Fruit t
Page 230 and 231:
Munshi, K. M. and Aiyar, N. C. (195
Page 232 and 233:
Nehra, N. S., Sareen, P. K. and Chi
Page 234 and 235:
Pandey, R. C., Pathak, R. A. and Pa
Page 236 and 237:
Pareek, O. P. and Vashishtha, B. B.
Page 238 and 239:
Pradeep, T. and Jambhale, N. D. (20
Page 240 and 241:
Ramkrishan Godara, N. R. (1994) Phy
Page 242 and 243:
Rendle, A. B. (1971) The Classifica
Page 244 and 245:
Saqib, Z. and Sultan, A. (1994) Eth
Page 246 and 247:
Sharma, K. D., Pareek, O. P. and Si
Page 248 and 249:
Shukla-Lakshmi, Singh, N. K. and Ra
Page 250 and 251:
Singh, K., Singhrot, R. S. and Chau
Page 252 and 253:
Singh, P., Bakhshi, J. C. and Singh
Page 254 and 255:
Singh, Z. and Sandhu, A. S. (1987)
Page 256 and 257:
Spichiger, R. and Ramella, L. (1991
Page 258 and 259:
Tagiev, T. M. and Gadzhiev, T.Yu. (
Page 260 and 261:
Tripathi, Y. C., Devi, S., Pandey,
Page 262 and 263:
Vashishtha, B. B., Pareek, O. P., C
Page 264 and 265:
Wan, Z. Z. (1994) Jujube variety Si
Page 266 and 267:
Yadav, G. R. and Singh, R.Y. (1985)
Page 268 and 269:
Yaragattikar, A. T. and Itnal, C. J
Page 270 and 271:
Appendix I Insect and mite pests of
Page 272 and 273:
Order Scientific name Common name D
Page 274 and 275:
Dodhia (Chundawat and Srivastava, 1
Page 276 and 277:
Safarchandi (Padule et al., 1988) S
Page 278 and 279:
Je-8 (Yong et al., 1981) Je-10 (Yon
Page 280 and 281:
Appendix III Research organisations
Page 282 and 283:
Institut D’Economie Rurale, BP 25
Page 284 and 285:
Institute of Plant Physiology, Univ
Page 286 and 287:
10. Dr. Rawal, R. D. Division of Pl
Page 288 and 289:
Tel: (91/135) 656222 Fax: (91/135)
Page 290 and 291:
Glossary actinomorphic - having rad
Page 292 and 293:
degree-day - a unit that represents
Page 294 and 295:
naturalised - to cause a plant to b
Page 296 and 297:
stamen - staminode - stigma - stipu
Page 298 and 299:
Alternaria, 10, 72, 73, 75, 76, 144
Page 300 and 301:
134, 192, 193, 207, 228, 231, 236 s
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