Ber and other Jujubes monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Figure 1.2 Flower and fruit of ber showing the pistil, stamens and seed A - Fruits on the tree. B - Vertical section through a mature fruit. C - Mature fruit. D - Stone/seed (from B/C). E - Vertical section through mature fruit - alternative variety. F - Mature fruit - alternative variety. G - Flower. H - Pistil. I - Pistil with stamens. J - Sepal. K - Petal. 8
1.5 The minor cultivated species There are two species of Ziziphus which are still cultivated on a small scale. They are described below. 1.5.1 Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. Synonyms Z. africana Mill. Z. amphibia A. Chev. Z. nabeca (Forsk.) Lam. Z. inermis A. Chev. Z. sphaerocarpa Tul. Z. spina-christi Willd. (as used by Bailey, 1947 and Polunin and Huxley, 1965). Shrub, often with intertwined branches, or small tree up to 10-15 m tall. Bark deeply furrowed and scaly, white-brown to pale grey. Branchlets densely pubescent white when young. Fruiting branchlets are not deciduous. Tends to produce a very deep tap root. Mostly spinous with paired spines, unequal in length, one recurved; rarely unarmed. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic (
Page 1 and 2: Fruits for the Future 2 (Revised ed
Page 3 and 4: ICUC The International Centre for U
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.9 Antifungal activity..........
Page 7 and 8: 6.7.9 Minor foliar pathogens ......
Page 9 and 10: Tables Table 1.1 Vernacular names f
Page 11 and 12: Abbreviations ABA - AMP - BA - CIAH
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy a
Page 15 and 16: Fruits are subglobose, ovoid or obl
Page 17 and 18: Leaves are petiolate 1.1-5.8 mm lon
Page 19: Figure 1.1 Branch and leaf arrangem
Page 23 and 24: Z. lotus occurs from Asia Minor, so
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1 Vernacular names for juju
Page 27 and 28: postdate that of the staple foods a
Page 29 and 30: (Xue and Xue, 2001). Six Z. jujuba
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.1 Nutritional constituents
Page 33 and 34: 2.3.2 Pectin A Tomoda et al., (1985
Page 35 and 36: 2.3.5.1 Betulinic acid Betulinic ac
Page 37 and 38: Oleanolic acid is known to have ant
Page 39 and 40: 2.4.10 Antidiabetic Extract of Z. m
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. Uses C. deKock 3.1 Intro
Page 43 and 44: In the Red Sea area pastoralists wi
Page 45 and 46: In China Z. jujuba is a major sourc
Page 47 and 48: eyes and its wood ash for the treat
Page 49 and 50: young shoots and fruits. Freezing t
Page 51 and 52: 4.4.2 Chinese jujube Chinese jujube
Page 53 and 54: three seeds per stone in Kenya, whe
Page 55 and 56: into two main categories: mechanica
Page 57 and 58: ange of products and services (live
Page 59 and 60: minimise root deformities, good see
Page 61 and 62: Z. abyssinica rootstocks can also b
Page 63 and 64: 5.3.2.3 Transplanting of budded pla
Page 65 and 66: 5.3.3 Micropropagation Tissue cultu
Page 67 and 68: et al., 1996) have also been observ
Page 69 and 70: 6.1.1 Training of plants: ber Ber h
Page 71 and 72:
6.2 Water management Availability o
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tropical agroclimates, nitrogen def
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Supplementing micronutrients throug
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There are some differences accordin
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and thus the extent of infestation
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generations. The full-grown larva i
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6.7 Diseases 6.7.1 Powdery mildew P
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6.7.2.1 Control The disease can be
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6.7.6 Rust Although rust can be ser
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6.7.8.6 Other fruit rot fungi A ran
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7.1 Introduction Chapter 7. Breedin
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7.3 Constraints/ bottlenecks in bre
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selections of Z. jujuba cv. seedles
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nature, gene mutation occurs at a v
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Transfer of powdery mildew resistan
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chain reaction-restriction fragment
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Chapter 8. Genetic Resources A. God
Page 105 and 106:
Lee, 1988; Metrofonova and Sheveluk
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8.2.2 Reproductive variability 8.2.
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diameter. As fruit development adva
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information will be helpful for cho
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y Bekanta and the lowest (8.5 %) by
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pulp/stone ratio and yield (kg/plan
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(85.0 %) and shoot length (82.0 %).
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Table 8.3 Traits identified in ber
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Table 8.4 Indian Institutions holdi
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Chinese jujube rootstocks are most
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Chapter 9. Harvesting, post-harvest
Page 127 and 128:
9.2.1.3 Attributes of important Ind
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Pre-harvest spraying of ethephon at
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tropics. Ber trees can become prime
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They are sorted and graded accordin
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seven days. The improved storage li
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However, this treatment has no effe
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consumers prefer the more acidic fr
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Flow chart 1. The preparation of de
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Flow chart 2. The preparation of be
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Flow sheet 3. The preparation of be
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Ingredients for ber chutney 1 kg dr
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immersing in cool water - do not us
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Flow chart 6. Preparation of ber ja
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141 Plate 1. 30 day old rootstock s
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Plate 7. Fruitfly infested ber frui
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Plate 11. Isariopsis leaf spot Plat
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Plates 16 & 17. Flowering and fruit
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Plate 20. cv. Umran Plate 21. cv. K
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Plate 24. cv. Gola Plate 25. cv. Ka
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10.1 Introduction Chapter 10. Marke
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Table 10.1 Percent price spread of
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In countries of southern Africa whe
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Chapter 11. Current situation and r
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The monograph summarised important
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limited characters e.g. yield (kg/p
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11.3.5 Post-harvest studies Work on
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Aggarwal, P., Bhupindeer, K. and Ba
Page 182 and 183:
Anonymous (1993) Development of Ume
Page 184 and 185:
Bakhshi, J. C. and Singh, P. (1974)
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Bandyopadhyay, A. and Sen, S. K. (1
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mauritiana Lamk.). In Bio-ecology a
Page 190 and 191:
Byun, J. K., Do, J. H. and Chang, K
Page 192 and 193:
Cheong, S. T., Kim, S. K., Peak, K.
Page 194 and 195:
Ciminata, P. (1996) The Chinese juj
Page 196 and 197:
Daulta, B. S. and Chauhan, K. S. (1
Page 198 and 199:
Dong, Y. X. and Song, E. T. (1988)
Page 200 and 201:
Gangwar, A. C. (1982) Economic feas
Page 202 and 203:
Govindu, H. C. and Thirumalachar, M
Page 204 and 205:
Gupta, O. P. (1983) Delicious candy
Page 206 and 207:
Gupta, R. B., Suneel Sharma, Sharma
Page 208 and 209:
Hooda, P. S., Sindhu, S. S., Mehta,
Page 210 and 211:
Ivanova, R. B. (1976) Raising plant
Page 212 and 213:
Joon, M. S., Singh, R. R. and Dault
Page 214 and 215:
Kant, U. and Arya, H. C. (1969) Gro
Page 216 and 217:
Kim, D. S. and Lee, S. P. (1988) St
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Kossuth, S. V., Biggs, R. H., Webb,
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Kundu, A. D., Barik, B. R., Mandal,
Page 222 and 223:
Lee, J. S. and Choi, M. J. (1992) A
Page 224 and 225:
Ma, W. L., Shi, Y. Q. and Wan, J. J
Page 226 and 227:
Mathur, N. and Vyas, A. (1995 d) In
Page 228 and 229:
Ming, W. and Sun, Y. (1986) Fruit t
Page 230 and 231:
Munshi, K. M. and Aiyar, N. C. (195
Page 232 and 233:
Nehra, N. S., Sareen, P. K. and Chi
Page 234 and 235:
Pandey, R. C., Pathak, R. A. and Pa
Page 236 and 237:
Pareek, O. P. and Vashishtha, B. B.
Page 238 and 239:
Pradeep, T. and Jambhale, N. D. (20
Page 240 and 241:
Ramkrishan Godara, N. R. (1994) Phy
Page 242 and 243:
Rendle, A. B. (1971) The Classifica
Page 244 and 245:
Saqib, Z. and Sultan, A. (1994) Eth
Page 246 and 247:
Sharma, K. D., Pareek, O. P. and Si
Page 248 and 249:
Shukla-Lakshmi, Singh, N. K. and Ra
Page 250 and 251:
Singh, K., Singhrot, R. S. and Chau
Page 252 and 253:
Singh, P., Bakhshi, J. C. and Singh
Page 254 and 255:
Singh, Z. and Sandhu, A. S. (1987)
Page 256 and 257:
Spichiger, R. and Ramella, L. (1991
Page 258 and 259:
Tagiev, T. M. and Gadzhiev, T.Yu. (
Page 260 and 261:
Tripathi, Y. C., Devi, S., Pandey,
Page 262 and 263:
Vashishtha, B. B., Pareek, O. P., C
Page 264 and 265:
Wan, Z. Z. (1994) Jujube variety Si
Page 266 and 267:
Yadav, G. R. and Singh, R.Y. (1985)
Page 268 and 269:
Yaragattikar, A. T. and Itnal, C. J
Page 270 and 271:
Appendix I Insect and mite pests of
Page 272 and 273:
Order Scientific name Common name D
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Dodhia (Chundawat and Srivastava, 1
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Safarchandi (Padule et al., 1988) S
Page 278 and 279:
Je-8 (Yong et al., 1981) Je-10 (Yon
Page 280 and 281:
Appendix III Research organisations
Page 282 and 283:
Institut D’Economie Rurale, BP 25
Page 284 and 285:
Institute of Plant Physiology, Univ
Page 286 and 287:
10. Dr. Rawal, R. D. Division of Pl
Page 288 and 289:
Tel: (91/135) 656222 Fax: (91/135)
Page 290 and 291:
Glossary actinomorphic - having rad
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degree-day - a unit that represents
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naturalised - to cause a plant to b
Page 296 and 297:
stamen - staminode - stigma - stipu
Page 298 and 299:
Alternaria, 10, 72, 73, 75, 76, 144
Page 300 and 301:
134, 192, 193, 207, 228, 231, 236 s
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