Ber and other Jujubes monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

Contents
Abbreviations..................................................................................................... ii
Preface .............................................................................................................. iii
Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy and History ................................................1
1.1 Introduction .....................................................................................1
1.2 The genus Ziziphus ..........................................................................2
1.3 The species of Ziziphus....................................................................3
1.4 The major cultivated species ...........................................................4
1.4.1 Indian jujube...........................................................................4
1.4.2 Chinese jujube ........................................................................5
1.5 The minor cultivated species ...........................................................9
1.5.1 Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. .......................................................9
1.5.2 Z. lotus (L.) Lam..................................................................10
1.6 Wild species...................................................................................11
1.6.1 Asia.......................................................................................11
1.6.2 Africa....................................................................................12
1.6.3 New World ..........................................................................12
1.7 Vernacular names for jujubes ........................................................12
1.8 Historical evidence ........................................................................14
1.8.1 Indian jujube.........................................................................14
1.8.2 Chinese jujube ......................................................................15
Chapter 2. Composition....................................................................................18
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................18
2.2 Fruit composition...........................................................................18
2.2.1 Ber ........................................................................................18
2.2.2 Chinese jujube ......................................................................20
2.3 Ethnopharmaceutical compounds..................................................20
2.3.1 Ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin and bioflavonoids.........20
2.3.2 Pectin A ................................................................................21
2.3.3 Alkaloids ..............................................................................21
2.3.4 Glycosides ............................................................................21
2.3.5 Triterpenoic acids .................................................................22
2.3.6 Lipids....................................................................................23
2.4 Nutritional and pharmaceutical studies..........................................23
2.4.1 Sweetness inhibitors .............................................................23
2.4.2 Permeability enhancement activity.......................................24
2.4.3 Cytotoxic effect (chemotherapy) ..........................................24
2.4.4 Neurological properties ........................................................25
2.4.5 Antifertility/contraception ....................................................26
2.4.6 Hypotensive and antinephritic effect....................................26
2.4.7 Cardiovascular activity.........................................................26
2.4.8 Immunostimulant effects ......................................................26