Ber and other Jujubes monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

5.2.3 Seed germination..................................................................42
5.2.4 Seed pretreatments................................................................42
5.2.5 The nursery...........................................................................44
5.3 Vegetative propagation..................................................................48
5.3.1 Rootstocks ............................................................................48
5.3.2 Budding ................................................................................49
5.3.3 Micropropagation .................................................................53
5.3.4 Cuttings for Chinese jujube ..................................................54
5.3.5 Grafting ................................................................................55
Chapter 6. Agronomy .......................................................................................56
6.1 Planting..........................................................................................56
6.1.1 Training of plants: ber ..........................................................57
6.1.2 Chinese jujube ......................................................................58
6.2 Water management........................................................................59
6.2.1 Rainfed areas ........................................................................59
6.2.2 Irrigated areas: ber................................................................59
6.2.3 Chinese jujube ......................................................................60
6.2.4 Conservation of moisture......................................................60
6.3 Weeding.........................................................................................60
6.4 Manure and fertilisers....................................................................60
6.4.1 Nutrients recommended........................................................61
6.4.2 Foliar feeding........................................................................62
6.4.3 Microbial inoculations..........................................................63
6.5 Pruning ..........................................................................................63
6.5.1 Pruning intensity...................................................................63
6.5.2 Pruning in Chinese jujube.....................................................65
6.5.3 Pruning time .........................................................................65
6.6 Pests...............................................................................................66
6.6.1 Fruitfly..................................................................................66
6.6.2 Fruit borer.............................................................................67
6.6.3 Bark eating caterpillar ..........................................................68
6.6.4 Hairy caterpillars ..................................................................68
6.6.5 Chafer beetle (ber beetle or leaf chafer) ...............................69
6.6.6 Lac insect..............................................................................70
6.6.7 Other insect pests..................................................................70
6.6.8 Mites.....................................................................................70
6.7 Diseases .........................................................................................71
6.7.1 Powdery mildew...................................................................71
6.7.2 Alternaria leaf spot...............................................................72
6.7.3 Black leaf spot ......................................................................73
6.7.4 Cercospora leaf spot.............................................................74
6.7.5 Cladosporium leaf spot.........................................................74
6.7.6 Rust.......................................................................................75
6.7.7 Witches’ broom ....................................................................75
6.7.8 Fruit rot.................................................................................75