Proceedings of the fifth mountain lion workshop: 27

More documents

Recommendations

Info

56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN LION WORKSHOP Cattle losses in % of US$ 53¡ 52¡ 51¡ 50¡ 49¡ AMÉRICA DO SUL 53¡ BRASIL 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 52¡ 2 Boa Vista Dense Ombrofilous Forest (Atlantic Forest) Mixed Ombrofilous Forest (Araucaria Pine Forest) Decidual Stational Forest SANTA CATARINA 50Km Transitional Formations Pionner Formations Steppe 0.3 51¡ 3.4 Cab. Sto. Cristo 15.79 21.05 Cerro Azul 50¡ 0 0 Do Aleixo 49¡ 0 ATLANTIC OCEAN Figure 2. Map of the State of Santa Catarina, showing original distribution of vegetation (GAPLAN, 1986). 1.17 Judas Tadeu 26¡ 27¡ 28¡ 29¡ 2.5 7.5 Mineiros 0 1.43 Palmeira Velha Farms Losses in % of US$ 40 20 0 0.27 3.37 Cattle n=12 37.67 1.79 Goat n=6 31.72 4.03 Sheep n=12 Livestock Group 4.1 4.92 Swine n=7 Lion Other Figure 3. Livestock losses (in % of US$) from all studied farms (n=number of sampled farms) to mountain lions compared to losses due to other factors. 0 0 São Domingo 0.12 3.38 Saulo Yung 0 25 Sitio Ruck 0 16.28 Sta. Cruz 0 6.67 Sito São Pedro Figure 4. Comparison of Cattle losses between farms (in % of US$) to mountain lion predation and to other factors. Lion Other
Goat Losses in % of US$ 100 10 1 9.09 Boa Vista PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN LION WORKSHOP 57 35 Estância Rio Perdido 14.29 7.14 Judas Tadeu 78.57 Mineiros Farms 50 Saulo Yung 35.48 Sitio Ruck 3.23 Lion Other Figure 5. Comparison of Goat losses between farms (in % of US$) to mountain lion predation and to other factors. total losses for each livestock group with losses due to other factors. Cattle losses to mountain lions are usually low, but high to other factors. Sheep and goats have similar predation rates, and sheep are more vulnerable to disease. Swine losses to mountain lions are equivalent to other sources of mortality, but some losses attributed to other factors may actually be due to unconfirmed mountain lion predation. Sheep losses in % of US$ 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 24 10 Cab Sto Cristo 5.88 41.18 Do Aleixo Dona Olindina 84 Judas Tadeu 66.67 Mineiros 37.5 2.67 Palmeira Velha 2.94 2.94 Potreiro Velho Farms Cattle losses do not demonstrate a pattern across the farms in mountain lion habitat (Fig. 4). Only four out of twelve cattle ranches suffered losses to mountain lions. Cattle losses to other factors are high, and are usually due to diseases, falls from cliffs, and probably theft. Sheep and goats, on the other hand, are consistently depredated (Fig . 5 and 6). Swine losses also show inconsistency, but unlike cattle, attacks from mountain lion may be camouflaged in the "other factor" category (Fig. 7). Livestock losses for 1994 are shown in Fig. 8. Of a total of 37 records, 41% (n=15) of all mountain lion attacks occurred in winter, 30% (n=11) spring, 24% (n=9) autumn, and 5% (n=2) in summer (Fig 7). Of all recorded attacks, 54% (n=7) were in rainy weather (including drizzle), 31% (n=4) in good weather, 8% (n=1) under rain and fog, and 8% (n=1) under fog. Rain in mountain areas is usually associated with fog, so we believe the rain and fog numbers are underestimates Also, we had several complaints of mountain lion attacks under fog conditions which were unrecorded. Night attacks represent 92% (n=11) of all attacks, and daytime attacks represent 8% (n=1). The sex ratio of the livestock predators harvested by farmers and hunters is 1.3F:1M (13 M, 10F). Considering age of harvest, 1.1 subadults are harvested for each adult (5 adult males, 5 adult females, 5 subadult males, 3 subadult females, 3 young). 33.33 São Domingo 30 Saulo Yung Sitio ruck 14.28 Sitio São Pedro Figure 6. Comparison of Sheep losses between farms (in % of US$) to mountain lion predation and to other factors. 29.23 Sta Cruz Lion Other
Page 1:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN L
Page 4 and 5:
© Copyright 1997 The Southern Cali
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN
Page 14 and 15:
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN
Page 16 and 17: 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN
Page 18 and 19: 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAIN
Page 20 and 21: 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTAI
Page 110 and 111: 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTA
Page 116 and 117:
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MOUNTA
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
show all

Proceedings of the fifth mountain lion workshop: 27

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?