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ManagementPrognn: A-no informadon Contact: Mr. copal Mahal Saltwalu crocodile Brunei Saf twate. crocodile (Crocorlylus porosus) Status of Wild Populations: No recent survcy aiara are available. King er al. ( 1979) reporied that sca €red specjmens of C. porosr.u werc scen in coaslal mangrove and Nipa patm swamps, Thc Sianes€ crcrodile, C. Jiarrrrir, wal reponed to be.ridespread in the Indoncsian islands, including Bomeo, by Ross (1986), but no substantiated records from Brunci exist. Manag€ment and Conservation Programsr Legal sralus of cmcodiles is uncerlain, bur they arc apparently unprolected (Klemm and Navid 1989). The purchase of young crocodiles by operalors of commercial rearing stations was rcfloned by King et al. (1979). part of the century. Appmximarely 2,000-3,m0 specimens of C . sionansb &ercWrl€d b be oxprcned live !o crocodile farms in Thailand (R. Luxmoore, peN. comm.) indicating that some * ild populalionsstill exist. An I UCN conservarion prograrn in Cambodia is gathering information on distriburion. Managehent and Conservation Programs: Unlnown. Country Rrting Survey Dala: I-no survey planned Wild Population Status: t,unknown Management Progran: B-none Contact: Mr. Chan Samn, Dr. Rick Sallcr China (People's Republic of) Chincsc alligator Satwater crocodile Chinese alligator (.{ltigator sinensis\ Status of Wild Populations: Tbe present disFiburion of fiis Country Rating specics is limited 10 rhe lower Yangtze River, principally in Survcy Data: ho survey planncd Xuanchcng, Zhejiang, and Jiangau hovinces, which represonls wild Population Status: l-unknown approximatcly one-tonth of irs formcr distribulion (Waranabe Management Prcgram: B,none and Huang 1984). The lotal wild popularion size in rhe Xuancheng rcgion was cslimared to be only 300,500 and de.lining (Watanabc and Huang 1984). A 1983 counl by rescarch workers in seveml counties estimated total DoDulalion sr,/e ro b{ 5m (Chen Igma'. Cambodia Habitat destruction has been the most imlonant faclor Saltwater crocodile contributing ro rhe decline of Chinese alligaror popularions. Howcvcr, alligators have also b€cn widely kitted as agricullural pesti, for food, for hidc or medicinal products, and in poisoning campaigns aimed ar eradicating blood flukes (Chcn 1990a). Saltwater crocodile (Cro codllus porosus) Climatic changc may havc played an important role in the Status of Wild Populations: No re.cnr suney dara extirpation of the are alligalor from lhe northem part of its hisrorical availablc. Virtually norhing is known range. conceming Rcccnt crocodilians floods and droughn have atso made certain in $is counfy. habila$ uninhabirable for alligalors, and environmcnral pollulion has had a negaiive effect on prey availability (Chen 1990r). Manag€m€ntand Conseryation Programs: The Most legal alligators sralus arc loday found in agricut!ural communes in of this species is unknown. No managemen! progrdms lowlying areat, arc or in isolatcd reservoirs in tree farm communes known !o be in opelarion. at elevalions below | 00 m. In both of these areas rhe allisators crc coexrsring qilh dense humdn populadons. and dris i:s paitially facilitarod by rhe alligarors' exrcnsive use of underground Country Rrting Survcy Data: I no survoy planne.d bunows. Populations of alligaiors in riverine habilaB were Wild Population Stalus: I,unknown reporled lo be virtually wip€d out by ex@nsivc flooding in 1957 Managemenl Program: (Waranabc B-none 1982). Human poputalion pressures, habirar de_ srruclion. and the killing of witd animats take place dcspite rhe legal prorc.don of thc species (Waranab€ and Huang 1984). Siamese crocodife (Cro cotlylus siamensis\ Of rie eslimaled 500 wild alligarors in 1983, 200 were capturcd (Chen 1990a) and an unknown ftacdon of rheso were Status of Wild Populations: No rerent survcy dala arc placed in capdvily. Thc collecrion of eggs from rhe wild also availablc- The specics' cuffent slalus in Cambodia is unknown, rcveals a downwad rrend in population size (270 eggs collecled although extensivc habiiat exists around fie Tonlc Sap (grcar in 1982,278 eggs in 1983, 154 eggs in 1984, and 85 eggs in lake). According to Smilh (1931) ir was common in lhc carly 1985), and few of these eggs were reporred to hatch normally 38
(Chen 1990a). However, in Xuancheng, Nanling, and Jingxian Saf twater crocodite (Crccodylus porosus) couniies, alligalor reproducuon has be€n observcd and the wild Ststus of Wild Pop ations: Thc prosence of this spccies in populalions are reportcd to be recovering. China is based on hisbrical records. No curenl infomation is available on lhcir status- Pope (1935) considered $e crocodile Manrgement and Conservation Programs: Alligalors are an already extirpaIed from China, but Whihker ( 1982) suggesls a officially protected specics in China (Klemm and Navid 1989). remnanl lcw may remain in KqanStun province. Agricultu.al communes in southem Anhui province have bccn declarcd to be alligator prcserves, but this offcrs, at besl, very Management and Consenation Programs: Unknown. limited prote.tion (walznabe and Huang 1984). Several caprive reanng ccnters have been cslablished; in 1983 a btal of Country Rating seven wcre operational (Luxm(rre et al. 1985). Inidally,some Survey Data: I no survey planned of thes€ rearing progl8ms were a drarn on wild populations as Wild Populalion Status: l-unknown farms wcre paying for alljgalors and alligator eggs (Walanabc ManagementPrognm: A-no informadon and Huang 1984). The largcs( fam is the Xiadu alligalor farm in southcm Anhui province, which sEned operations in 1979 Contact Chen Bihui, Huang Chu-Chein, Li Yangwen, Wang and by 1983 had a slock of morc lhan lm adult alligalors. Sung, Shih Ying-hsien, Zhang Zhengdong, John Behlcr Inidrlly. the only caplive brc{ding being done was in zoo( (Shanghai Zoo, Ningpo Zoo), and all of tho farms were relying on eggs collected from $c wild. More re.endy capdvc breeding has be€n achieved outside the zoos. A1 thc Xiadu farm India (Anhui Research Ccnler of Alligator Rcproducdon) successtul captivc brccding was first atta'ned in 1982, and by t 988 caplivc Mugger breeding of s€cond gencmtion caplive aliigaton had bcen Saltwater crocodilc reporred, and approximately 800-1,000 young were being Gharial hatched cach year (Zhang 1989,Huang 1989). Egg producdon has incrcasedramatically sincc 1983: 1983-264 eggs, 1984- Mugger (C loco dllu s palustis) 809 eggs, 1985-809 eggs, 1986-801 eggs. 1987'1,045 cggs, 1988-1219 eggs (Chcn l990a). Ahhough inilially husbandry Status ofwild Populations: According to Whitaker (1987) C. techniques wcrc mlher poor (Wahnabc and Hu3ng 1984), by pdlerr.tr is widely disEibutcd, but populations ate mostly srnall 1983 $e survival rate of young incrca-sed 1o 957., nesting ratc and isolaled. Total populalion size in India was es[matod by had incrcased to 67 E (from 14 %), and eggs had a 907. fenilily whiraker and Whilakcr ( 1989b) to be 2,000-3,000. Two of the rate (Zhang 1989). The ,o1al numbe. of captive-producedlargcst rcmaining populations aro in the Gir Sanctuary (Hiran alligators in 1987 was 975 (Chen 1990a). l-ako, Gujarat State) wilh approximately 30 ncsting fomales, The caplive rearing progams are ostensibly conservalion and in fie Amamvathi Reservoir in thc Anamallais Sanctuary oriented, but as yeho rcstocking has Laken placc, and indeed no (Tamil Nadu SDte) with 16 ncsling females. hior to the mention of future plans for alligalor releases has bccn made in beginning of lhc reintroducdon progmm (se€ below), lhc lotal reviews of fte alligalor conservation program (c.9., Chen C. pdllrrraipopulation in Tamil Nadu was ettimatedby Whitaker lgma). Extreme human population pressurcs on tho lilde and Danicl (1980) to be no more than 200. lffge populations remaining wild habiht make this a difficult undertaking. are also rcponed by Choudhury (p€rs. comm.) to be found in lhe Caplive brccding and re.aring of Chincsc alliSarors in the Ranthambore and Jawa rescrvoirs in Rajas$an sta(c. Populations in other shtes werc considerably lower. United Stales is bcing coordinat€d lhrough lhc Rockefeller wildlife Refuec (I-ouisiana) and $e New York Zlological Socicty (Behler and Brazailis 1982). The present (May 1990) Management and Cons€rvation Programs: All tkee species sludbook populatron of animals ouLside of China numbers 123 of crocodilians were prclcctcd in 1972 under $c Wildlife animals. Of r.hese, 84 (5 males, 19 fcmalcs, and 60 juveniles) Prote.tion Act. which forbade hunting and exports. Radfication and implementatlon of rhis act was delayed for up !o l0 arc prescnt in 13 North Amcrjcan collections, This spccics has bean repeal,edly bred at the Bronx Zoo, Rockefellcr Wildlifc ye3rs ifl somc sl.alcs (whitaker 1987). Beginning in 1975 the Refuge, ard at thc St. Augustine Alligalor Farm in Florida, govcmment of India embarked on a milestonc conservalion U.S.A. Thc New York Zoological Socic(y is cunently explor program for its thrcc species of crocodilians. With technical ing the possibiliry of exchanging young produced in U.S. support from FAO (undl 1982), the progran focused on fie institudons foranimals harhed on Chinese farm since dre U.S. collcction ofeggs from wild nests, and the rcaring of the young popDlaiion is derivcd from only seven foundcrs (J. Behler, pers. in captivity. Afier attaining a size of approximalely I-1.5 m btal lcngdr lie animals arc releas€d into prote.lcd areas to speed populatron rccovery. The initral rccovery efforts for C. Country Rating /dl6rlir wcrc made by collecling eggs in the states of Cuajaral Survey Data: Ill-basic survcy clala and Tami I Nadu in coopration with personnel ftom fic Madras wild Population Status: 3-s€verely dcplcted/endangercd Crocodile Bank. hior io 1984, 9,00) C. pdllslrireggs had been Managemenl Program: 8.3-farming collecred (S ingh et al. 1986a). Captive bre€ding of lhis species 39
Page 1 and 2: Crocodiles An Action Plan for their
Page 3: Crocodiles An Action Plan for their
Page 6 and 7: Peru...............................
Page 8 and 9: Specialist Group, Florida Museum of
Page 11 and 12: Objectives and Organization of the
Page 13 and 14: Comnon clinan, Cairu' .'d.or'il!i,
Page 15 and 16: 3. Lcal residenLs. The cconomic val
Page 17 and 18: (Res. Cont 1.1 and 1.2). This requi
Page 19 and 20: nanagemenr, and the fact thal croco
Page 21 and 22: Species-specifi c Conservation Prio
Page 23 and 24: Country Accounts Introduction This
Page 25 and 26: Slender-snouted crQcodile (C r o c
Page 27 and 28: of 20 was established for 1985- 198
Page 29 and 30: C-rocodllus cataphrdctus. C rocodll
Page 31 and 32: Slender-snouted crocodile (C ro c o
Page 33 and 34: (140 km surveyed), Sabatvcalana Riv
Page 35 and 36: Nife crocodile (Crocodylus t ilotic
Page 37 and 38: Dwarf crocodile (Os teolaemus tetra
Page 39 and 40: Country Ratitrg Survey Data: I-no s
Page 41 and 42: Wild Population Status: l-u*nown Ma
Page 43 and 44: populalion of Nile crocodiles was t
Page 45 and 46: a large-scale rescarch progam, whic
Page 47: Matragementand Conservation Prcgram
Page 51 and 52: Conlact: D. Basu, B. C. Choudhurv,
Page 53 and 54: sp€cics has also be€n reponedly
Page 55 and 56: km) (Whitakor lgsa). From thos€ d
Page 57 and 58: - Mugger Gharial pakistan 1982). Kl
Page 59 and 60: anch in Lae. In 1988, a lotal of I,
Page 61 and 62: crccodilc habitat in the Solomon ls
Page 63 and 64: Wild Population Status: 3-severely
Page 65 and 66: life Prot€ction Acf' and banned c
Page 67 and 68: - Klemm and Navid I989) in BraTil,
Page 69 and 70: N.0017-87). Ranching or cropping pr
Page 71 and 72: Cainan in i\e La er Swamp, bul lhis
Page 73: Dwafi cAiman ( P aleo suchus palpeb

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