EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems Mark Horowitz

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Why Integrated Circuits? • Break this question into two questions – Why electronics – Why use ICs to build electronics • Why use electronics – Electons are easy to move / contol • Easier to move/control electrons than real stuff – If you don’t believe me look at a mechanical computer • http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/objects/1862-89.html – Move information, not things (phone, fax, WWW, etc.) • Takes much less energy and $ MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 10
Electronics • Building electronics: – Started with tubes, then miniature tubes – Transistors, then miniature transistors – Components were getting cheaper, more reliable but: • There is a minimum cost of a component (storage, handling …) • Total system cost was proportional to complexity • Integrated circuits changed that – Printed a circuit, like you print a picture, • Create components in parallel • Cost no longer depended on # of devices – What happens as resolution goes up? MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 11
Page 1 and 2: EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems
Page 3 and 4: Additional Reading To provide addit
Page 5 and 6: Lecture 1 Overview of VLSI: Complex
Page 7 and 8: Big Picture • Want to go from thi
Page 9: Magnified MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 9
Page 13 and 14: Bad News • Although the cost of m
Page 15 and 16: Technology Scaling • Number of
Page 17 and 18: VLSI Design Besides all that, I thi
Page 19 and 20: + Design Levels • Specification -
Page 21 and 22: Physical Topology of an Integrated
Page 23 and 24: Layout: The Fabrication Specificati
Page 25 and 26: Layout • This picture is an expan
Page 27 and 28: Datapath Layout • Wires here are
Page 29 and 30: Wire Layers • We represent the di
Page 31 and 32: Transistors The voltage on the gate
Page 33 and 34: The Digital Abstraction • Divide
Page 35 and 36: Terminology Note that the source an
Page 37 and 38: Switch Networks • Since transisto
Page 39 and 40: General Switch Networks A C A D B B
Page 41 and 42: Multiplexer • A very useful switc
Page 43 and 44: Parity Function • A more complex
Page 45 and 46: - Parity of Three Inputs A_b A Even
Page 47 and 48: + Tally Function Implementation •
Page 49 and 50: + Two Input Tally Z 2 Z 1 Z 0 Switc
Page 51 and 52: Inverters • To build an inverter

EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems Mark Horowitz

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