EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems Mark Horowitz

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- Another View: • Chip consists of – transistors: fabricated on the silicon surface and – wires: that connect the transistors fabricated on layers of metal separated by insulators • Most of the area are the wires Top View n-well diffusion poly gate metal wire contact n-well Cross Section MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 22
Layout: The Fabrication Specification The end of the design process must create a set of drawings, one for each layer needed in the manufacturing process – Layout drawing are complicated • There are many rules about the geometry to make sure the circuits can be reliably manufactured – Minimum width of wire, minimum spacing between wires, alignment rules • The layers represent transistors and wires, and need to create the correct function • Many rectangles for each transistor and wire, and there are millions of transistors and wires. – Different layers are represented by different colors • People used to draw the layout on mylar (10s of transistors) • But not any more, now use CAD tools, and premade cells. MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 23
Page 1 and 2: EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems
Page 3 and 4: Additional Reading To provide addit
Page 5 and 6: Lecture 1 Overview of VLSI: Complex
Page 7 and 8: Big Picture • Want to go from thi
Page 9 and 10: Magnified MAH EE 271 Lecture 1 9
Page 11 and 12: Electronics • Building electronic
Page 13 and 14: Bad News • Although the cost of m
Page 15 and 16: Technology Scaling • Number of
Page 17 and 18: VLSI Design Besides all that, I thi
Page 19 and 20: + Design Levels • Specification -
Page 21: Physical Topology of an Integrated
Page 25 and 26: Layout • This picture is an expan
Page 27 and 28: Datapath Layout • Wires here are
Page 29 and 30: Wire Layers • We represent the di
Page 31 and 32: Transistors The voltage on the gate
Page 33 and 34: The Digital Abstraction • Divide
Page 35 and 36: Terminology Note that the source an
Page 37 and 38: Switch Networks • Since transisto
Page 39 and 40: General Switch Networks A C A D B B
Page 41 and 42: Multiplexer • A very useful switc
Page 43 and 44: Parity Function • A more complex
Page 45 and 46: - Parity of Three Inputs A_b A Even
Page 47 and 48: + Tally Function Implementation •
Page 49 and 50: + Two Input Tally Z 2 Z 1 Z 0 Switc
Page 51 and 52: Inverters • To build an inverter

EE271 Introduction to VLSI Systems Mark Horowitz

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