Development and Implementation of a Fatigue Management ... - ICMM

Development and
implementation of a
Fatigue Risk Management
System (FRMS)
Dr Alexandra Holmes

Overview
What is an FRMS?
Why do I need an FRMS?
How do I get started?

Terminology
•Fatigue Management Programme (FMP)
•Alertness Management Programme (AMP)
•Fatigue Risk Management Programme (FRMP)
•Fatigue Management System (FMS)
•Others....

What is an FRMS?
“A data‐driven means of continuously monitoring and
managing fatigue‐related safety risks, based upon
scientific principles and knowledge as well as operational
experience that aims to ensure relevant personnel are
performing at adequate levels of alertness.”
ICAO SARP Annex 6, Part 1 (2011)

Components of an FRMS
FRMS Policy
Effective Reporting System
Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) Processes
FRMS Safety Assurance Processes
Data Collection & Hazard
Identification
Performance Monitoring &
Continuous Improvement
Risk Assessment
Safety
Performance
Indicators
(SPI)
Managing changes that may
impact on the FRMS
Risk Mitigation
Annual FRMS
Audit and Review
Communication: Safety Promotion & Feedback
Fatigue Management Training Program (FMTP)

An FRMS is not...
• work and rest time limitations e.g. national drivers hours
rules, organisational limits
• a scientific study e.g. of a fatigue monitoring device
• isolated fatigue management initiatives e.g. the provision
of a napping facility, schedule change
• a fatigue management plan e.g. sleep contract, individual
return to work plan
• fatigue management training
• fatigue modelling software

Why do I need an FRMS?
1. Requirement or recommendation
• Regulatory, organisational or contractual
requirement or recommendation
2. Fatigue is a recognised safety risk
• We are having fatigue-related safety events
• Our existing efforts to mange fatigue are not
effective
• Employees undertaking safety critical tasks and
working shift work and/or extended hours

3. Other benefits
Why do I need an FRMS?
• Reduced absenteeism, improved health, retention,
morale, efficiency and reputation
• Operational advantage

How do I get started? Implementation plan
1. Review existing materials on FRMS
• API, ICMM Australia, ICAO, UK DfT, Transport Canada etc
2. Gain top-level endorsement
• management need to want to know what is really going on
• recognise that it will be uncomfortable

Implementation Plan
3. Appoint a fatigue champion
• with operational knowledge
• who reports directly to senior management
4. Gap analysis
• undertake a gap analysis against the relevant
requirements or recommendations

5. Assess the current situation
• fatigue model analysis of schedules
• actigraphy and sleep diary studies
• hazard identification and risk
assessment workshops
• analysis of incident and accident
databases
• employee fatigue surveys

Actigraphy

Sleep/activity diary

Implementation Plan
4. Strategic Planning
• State your case and goal
• Determine how much will be spent and what the
indicators of success will be
• Develop a timeline
5. Communicate the plan and create ownership

Conclusion
• What is an FRMS?
• Why do I need an FRMS?
•How do I get started?

Advice for those implementing FRMS
For regulators
“Do it with industry not to them”
For operators
FRMS is a change management issue:
there will be resistance like any other
change
Need to win over hearts and minds Important that it becomes a living
document; not simply policy on paper
FRMS is complex but you need to
keep it as simple as possible
Important to raise awareness for
all relevant parties
Shouldn’t be rushed
Requires a mature safety culture
Requires management commitment
Important to have a fatigue champion
FRMS manager needs operational
knowledge

What are the objectives of my FRMS?
• Compliance
• Enhanced safety – reduced accidents
• Systematic risk management processes
• Improved health, retention morale etc

Fatigue Causes & Consequences
Job Factors
Individual
Factors
Fatigue
Human
Performance
Health
Operational
Performance
Roster
Timing
Individual
Factors
Operational
Performance
Duration
Rotation
Predictability
Time zones
Work
Factors
Traits
· e.g. health
· medications
· chronotype
Lifestyle
· e.g. sleep
environment
· recreation
· second job
· domestic
situation
FATIGUE
Human
Performance
Mood
Communication
Memory
Health
Cardiovascular
Gastrointestinal
Well-being
Incidents
Insurance
Absenteeism
Productivity
Costs
Morale
Workload
Vigilance
Retention
Job design
Opportunity
for naps
Problem solving
Risk taking
Reputation
Environment
Reaction time

Objective data on fatigue?
Despite many recognising fatigue as an issue, there is
currently limited objective data on:
- Scale of the problem;
- Contributors;
- At-risk groups;
- Consequences for safety and productivity.

Clockwork Research
Specialists in effective fatigue risk management
Independent – impartial, credible advice
Experienced team providing ground level support
Develop and deliver strategies for managing fatigue risk
Translate academic research into operational solutions
Experienced trainers
© Clockwork Research Ltd, 2011

Fatigue models
• There are many available e.g. FAID, FAST, HSE Index,
CAS
• Carefully identify which model is most appropriate for
your organisation (science, usability, cost, ongoing
development)
• Independent reviews e.g. CASA, Rio Tinto, Rail Safety
Alert
• A fatigue model can lead to poor fatigue management
and bad decision making – ensure you understand
what the model predicts badly and it’s limitations
• Different models will output different results