Advisory System for Tired Drivers - ICMM
Advisory System for Tired Drivers - ICMM
Advisory System for Tired Drivers - ICMM
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ASTiD<br />
<strong>Advisory</strong> <strong>System</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Tired</strong> <strong>Drivers</strong><br />
Ian Thomas
So what is ASTiD?<br />
x<br />
.....too late!!
• Real-Time, Early Warning <strong>Advisory</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
PREVENTION<br />
is better than cure<br />
Unobtrusive to operator - no interaction required<br />
Seamless integration with Dispatch -simple to install and use<br />
• Customisation & Personalisation<br />
Dynamic management of operator fatigue<br />
Fatigue history stays with driver during shift<br />
• <strong>System</strong> Optimisation <strong>for</strong> Safety & Productivity<br />
Profile operator fatigue risk and shift patterns<br />
Safer & more productive operators
ASTiD is installed<br />
behind the driver<br />
Serial connection to<br />
Dispatch Hub<br />
Built & tested to Military Standard <strong>for</strong>:<br />
• Shock & Vibration<br />
• Temperature ( -40° to +85 °)<br />
• Dust<br />
• EMC/ESD
Benefit of utilizing investment<br />
made in existing infrastructure<br />
Dispatch data only<br />
being transmitted
Transmission of real-time<br />
fatigue score<br />
Fatigue Score (Fs)<br />
Safe zone 0 ≤ F ≤ 89<br />
Risk zone 90 ≤ F ≤ 119<br />
Hi-Risk zone 120 ≤ F ≤ 149<br />
Alarm zone F ≥ 150
Copper Site, Anglo American, Chile<br />
Length & Type of Driving<br />
• ASTiD can detect small changes in signal variations due to manoeuvres and road<br />
conditions<br />
Colour changes represent<br />
• ASTiD can detect a monotonous driving environment such as a mine pit or open road<br />
fatigue score changes<br />
and how long it has been in this mode <strong>for</strong>.<br />
Exceptions in DISPATCH® when<br />
fatigue scores exceed Alarm thresholds<br />
Real-time display of operator<br />
scores and risk levels every minute
Iron Ore Site, Anglo American South Africa
Science behind ASTiD<br />
Professor Jim Horne
Static Model & Dynamic Model<br />
4 cross referencing variables produce Fatigue score (Fs)<br />
<strong>System</strong> clock<br />
Historical data<br />
1. Circadian Body Clock<br />
Alertness level according to<br />
the time of the day<br />
2. Quality of prior sleep<br />
Set at Default level - POOR<br />
3. Monotonous Driving<br />
ASTiD CPU<br />
Knowledge<br />
base<br />
Steering sensor<br />
system<br />
Output<br />
every minute<br />
Gyro<br />
Steering Characteristics -<br />
Monotonous cycle<br />
4. Steering Characteristics<br />
Mental alertness level –<br />
unconscious corrections<br />
Fatigue Score (Fs)<br />
Safe zone 0 ≤ F ≤ 89<br />
Risk zone 90 ≤ F ≤ 119<br />
Hi Risk zone 120 ≤ F ≤ 149<br />
Alarm zone F ≥ 150
1. Circadian Body Clock
Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
160<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
ASTiD Alarm set at 150<br />
140<br />
Hi-Risk Zone<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Risk Zone<br />
1. Base Circadian graph is a<br />
continuous cyclic curve<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Time (24 Hour clock)<br />
7 Hours+
2. Quality of Sleep<br />
Sleep Input mapped on to the Karolinska Scale<br />
KS<br />
cale<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8<br />
9<br />
ASTiD default is Poor<br />
(5 hrs sleep)<br />
10
Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
160<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
ASTiD Alarm set at 150<br />
140<br />
Hi-Risk Zone<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Risk Zone<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Time (24 Hour clock)<br />
Sleep 7 sensitivity Hours+ 6 raises Hours or 5 lowers Hours baseline 4 Hours or curve less
3. Monotonous Driving
Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
160<br />
Alarm<br />
ASTiD Alarm set at 150<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Hi-Risk Zone<br />
Risk Zone<br />
Gyro detects if vehicle is in<br />
monotonous driving mode<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
Time based driving added to score.<br />
1 fatigue point = 4 minutes of drive time<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Time (24 Hour clock)
4. Steering Characteristics
Drift Right<br />
Filters applied to<br />
identify the required<br />
signal & in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
12:56:08<br />
Drift Right
How ASTiD Utilizes the Gyro
How ASTiD Utilizes the Gyro<br />
Broad signals due<br />
to larger steering<br />
movement
How ASTiD Utilizes the Gyro<br />
Compact signals due<br />
to small corrective<br />
steering movements
How ASTiD Utilizes the Gyro
Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
160<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
ASTiD Alarm set at 150<br />
140<br />
Hi-Risk Zone<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Risk Zone<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
Safe Zone<br />
Gyro input detects lapses and swerves<br />
typifying fatigued driving.<br />
Swerve count stays on record <strong>for</strong><br />
15 minutes be<strong>for</strong>e dropping off<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Time (24 Hour clock)
Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
160<br />
140<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi-Risk Zone<br />
ASTiD Alarm set at 150<br />
All variables are added<br />
accumulatively to the baseline curve<br />
to produce Fatigue Score (FS)<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Risk Zone<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24<br />
Time (24 Hour clock)
Transmission of real-time<br />
Fatigue Score<br />
Hi Alarm Safe Risk Alarm<br />
Zone<br />
120 activated 000 090 150 ≤ F - 089 119 ≤ + 149<br />
Fatigue Score (Fs)<br />
Safe zone 0 ≤ F ≤ 89<br />
Risk zone 90 ≤ F ≤ 119<br />
Hi Safe Risk Risk Zone zone Zone<br />
000 090 -- 089 119<br />
120 ≤ F ≤ 149<br />
Hi Risk zone 120 ≤ F ≤ 149<br />
Alarm zone F ≥ 150
OPERATOR!<br />
I will reassign you
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Data Records Analysed 493,562<br />
Dayshift Hours Monitored 4,144.9<br />
Nightshift Hours Monitored 4,059.1<br />
Total Hours Monitored 8,204<br />
Total No <strong>Drivers</strong> Monitored 225
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driving Zone Hours Comparison<br />
70.6<br />
34.0<br />
436.9<br />
333.3<br />
3968.8<br />
3368.9<br />
1<br />
Safe Zone<br />
2<br />
Risk Zone<br />
3<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Baseline Hours<br />
Driving Zone Distribution<br />
Intervention Hours<br />
Driving Zone Distribution
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driving Zone Hours Comparison<br />
DECREASE<br />
2%<br />
DECREASE<br />
1%<br />
10%<br />
9%<br />
88%<br />
INCREASE<br />
1<br />
Safe Zone<br />
2<br />
Risk Zone<br />
3<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
90%<br />
Baseline Hours<br />
Driving Zone Distribution<br />
Intervention Hours<br />
Driving Zone Distribution
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Fatigue Index Comparison<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
75.51<br />
91.36 90<br />
Baseline<br />
Site<br />
Fatigue KPI’s<br />
upper & lower<br />
limits<br />
72.51<br />
56.36 56.06<br />
Intervention<br />
Average All Shifts Night Fatigue Index Day Fatigue Index
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Fatigue Alarms Comparison<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
500<br />
400<br />
Reduction of 385<br />
77%<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
115<br />
0<br />
Total <strong>for</strong> Baseline Period<br />
Baseline<br />
Total <strong>for</strong> Intervention Period
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Fatigue Alarms – Day shift<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
20<br />
Reduction of 7<br />
35%<br />
13<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Baseline<br />
Intervention
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Fatigue Alarms – Night shift<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
480<br />
Reduction of 378<br />
78%<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
Baseline<br />
102<br />
Intervention
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Alarm Distribution by Hour<br />
50<br />
40<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
40<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
30<br />
20<br />
18<br />
23<br />
10<br />
0<br />
8<br />
3<br />
3<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
4<br />
1<br />
0 0 0 0 0<br />
2<br />
5
00:00<br />
01:00<br />
02:00<br />
03:00<br />
04:00<br />
05:00<br />
06:00<br />
07:00<br />
08:00<br />
09:00<br />
10:00<br />
11:00<br />
12:00<br />
13:00<br />
14:00<br />
15:00<br />
16:00<br />
17:00<br />
18:00<br />
19:00<br />
20:00<br />
21:00<br />
22:00<br />
23:00<br />
Alarm Distribution by Hour<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Total Steering Corrections<br />
March<br />
Intervention<br />
1556<br />
1104 30%<br />
22%<br />
1244<br />
24%<br />
Reduction of 451<br />
16%<br />
Intervention Total<br />
45% Baseline Total<br />
February<br />
55%<br />
Intervention<br />
1243<br />
24%<br />
December<br />
Baseline<br />
January<br />
Baseline
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Total Steering Corrections<br />
Month <strong>Drivers</strong> on shift Avge per driver<br />
December Baseline 154 10<br />
January Baseline 153 8<br />
February Intervention 164 7.5<br />
March Intervention 156 7
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Total Steering Corrections<br />
Task Adjustment<br />
after shift change<br />
140<br />
120<br />
113<br />
Peak <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
129<br />
119 120<br />
117<br />
112<br />
120<br />
127 128<br />
121<br />
Peak <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
131<br />
107 112 87<br />
105<br />
137<br />
121<br />
100<br />
80<br />
83<br />
89<br />
80<br />
87<br />
90<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0
Total Steering Corrections<br />
Task Adjustment<br />
after shift change<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
150<br />
Peak <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
175<br />
161<br />
147 146<br />
146<br />
165<br />
191<br />
147<br />
118<br />
Peak <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
Circadian Peak<br />
of <strong>Tired</strong>ness<br />
205<br />
170 166<br />
202<br />
147<br />
130<br />
152<br />
143<br />
100<br />
77<br />
63<br />
50<br />
36<br />
34<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0
ASTiD Fatigue Score<br />
00:00:10<br />
00:30:06<br />
00:39:08<br />
00:48:06<br />
00:57:06<br />
01:06:06<br />
01:50:43<br />
01:59:43<br />
02:08:43<br />
02:17:43<br />
02:26:43<br />
02:35:44<br />
02:44:43<br />
02:53:44<br />
03:02:43<br />
03:12:43<br />
03:22:43<br />
03:31:43<br />
03:39:43<br />
03:48:43<br />
03:57:43<br />
04:06:43<br />
04:15:43<br />
04:24:43<br />
04:33:43<br />
04:42:43<br />
05:21:53<br />
05:30:53<br />
05:39:53<br />
05:48:53<br />
05:57:53<br />
06:06:53<br />
06:15:53<br />
06:24:53<br />
06:33:55<br />
06:42:53<br />
06:51:53<br />
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driver A – 21 st Dec 2011 - 00:00am to 07:00am<br />
03:37am<br />
2 nd correction triggers alarm<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi Risk Zone<br />
Risk Zone<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
01:08am to 01:44am<br />
1 st Break - 30 minutes<br />
Peak Circadian dip<br />
General tiredness<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0
ASTiD Fatigue Score<br />
00:00:37<br />
00:10:37<br />
00:20:37<br />
00:30:37<br />
00:40:37<br />
00:50:37<br />
01:00:39<br />
01:10:37<br />
01:48:53<br />
01:58:45<br />
02:08:45<br />
02:18:45<br />
02:29:45<br />
02:39:45<br />
02:49:45<br />
02:59:45<br />
03:24:01<br />
03:35:01<br />
03:45:01<br />
03:55:02<br />
04:05:01<br />
04:15:01<br />
04:25:01<br />
04:35:01<br />
04:58:00<br />
05:07:59<br />
05:17:58<br />
05:27:58<br />
05:39:00<br />
05:48:58<br />
05:58:59<br />
06:08:59<br />
06:20:59<br />
06:30:59<br />
06:40:59<br />
06:51:00<br />
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driver B – 21 st Dec 2011 - 00:00am to 07:00am<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi Risk Zone<br />
Risk Zone<br />
Early Morning Circadian Peak<br />
managed well<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
01:19am to 01:48am<br />
1 st Stop - 30 minutes<br />
04:44am to 04:58am<br />
2 nd Stop -14 minutes<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0
ASTiD Fatigue Score<br />
19:17:30<br />
19:25:29<br />
19:33:30<br />
19:41:30<br />
19:49:29<br />
19:57:30<br />
20:05:29<br />
20:13:29<br />
20:21:29<br />
20:29:31<br />
20:37:30<br />
20:45:30<br />
20:53:30<br />
21:01:29<br />
21:09:30<br />
21:17:29<br />
21:25:29<br />
21:33:29<br />
21:41:30<br />
21:49:30<br />
21:57:29<br />
22:05:30<br />
22:13:30<br />
22:21:29<br />
22:29:29<br />
22:37:29<br />
22:45:31<br />
22:53:29<br />
23:02:29<br />
23:10:30<br />
23:18:30<br />
23:26:30<br />
23:34:29<br />
23:42:29<br />
23:50:29<br />
23:58:29<br />
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driver C – 21 st Dec 2011 - 19:00pm to 00:00am<br />
What’s wrong with this?<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi Risk Zone<br />
Risk Zone<br />
80<br />
60<br />
Safe Zone<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0
ASTiD Fatigue Score<br />
00:00:30<br />
00:11:29<br />
00:22:30<br />
00:33:30<br />
00:44:31<br />
00:55:35<br />
01:06:31<br />
01:17:30<br />
01:28:31<br />
01:39:29<br />
01:50:30<br />
02:01:30<br />
02:12:29<br />
02:23:29<br />
02:34:29<br />
02:44:30<br />
02:55:29<br />
03:07:30<br />
03:18:29<br />
03:30:29<br />
03:41:30<br />
03:52:30<br />
04:03:31<br />
04:14:30<br />
04:25:29<br />
04:37:29<br />
04:48:29<br />
04:59:30<br />
05:10:29<br />
05:21:30<br />
05:32:30<br />
05:43:30<br />
05:54:32<br />
06:05:29<br />
06:17:30<br />
06:28:29<br />
06:39:30<br />
06:50:30<br />
Rio Tinto Australia ASTiD Data Analysis<br />
Driver C – 22 nd Dec 2011 - 00:00am to 07:00am<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi Risk Zone<br />
Risk Zone<br />
02:40am – 3 swerves<br />
1 st Fatigue trigger<br />
How good are<br />
women drivers<br />
then eh?<br />
What happens next?<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Safe Zone<br />
00:43am<br />
1 st Stop – 44 mins<br />
Early Morning Circadian Peak<br />
probably struggled with fatigue<br />
What happens next?
100<br />
Australian site<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
75.51<br />
91.36 90<br />
Baseline<br />
56.36 56.06<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
109.4<br />
South African site<br />
90.5<br />
126.4<br />
0<br />
1 2 3<br />
Site Average Dayshift Average Nightshift Average
BASELINE - Drive Time Comparison<br />
Rio Tinto Site<br />
Fatigue Zones<br />
% of Totals<br />
Safe Zone 87.50%<br />
Risk Zone 10.60%<br />
Danger Zone 1.90%<br />
South African Site<br />
Fatigue Zones<br />
% of Total<br />
Safe Zone 56.7%<br />
Risk Zone 29.6%<br />
Danger Zone 14%
2012-05-16 19:08:05<br />
2012-05-16 19:24:03<br />
2012-05-16 19:41:01<br />
2012-05-16 19:57:01<br />
2012-05-16 20:14:01<br />
2012-05-16 20:31:02<br />
2012-05-16 20:48:00<br />
2012-05-16 21:05:01<br />
2012-05-16 21:22:04<br />
2012-05-16 21:37:01<br />
2012-05-16 21:54:00<br />
2012-05-16 22:12:01<br />
2012-05-16 22:31:00<br />
2012-05-16 22:47:00<br />
2012-05-16 23:03:01<br />
2012-05-16 23:20:00<br />
2012-05-16 23:36:01<br />
2012-05-16 23:53:00<br />
2012-05-17 00:10:00<br />
2012-05-17 00:26:00<br />
2012-05-17 00:42:00<br />
2012-05-17 01:00:01<br />
2012-05-17 01:16:01<br />
2012-05-17 01:33:00<br />
2012-05-17 01:50:59<br />
2012-05-17 02:07:03<br />
2012-05-17 02:24:00<br />
2012-05-17 02:40:02<br />
2012-05-17 02:55:59<br />
2012-05-17 03:11:59<br />
2012-05-17 03:29:02<br />
2012-05-17 03:44:59<br />
2012-05-17 04:01:59<br />
2012-05-17 04:22:00<br />
2012-05-17 04:43:59<br />
2012-05-17 05:02:03<br />
South African Site – May 2012<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
Custom Alarm Level<br />
Alarm Zone<br />
Hi Risk Zone<br />
Spot the Driver Difference? not on Fatigue Radar<br />
189 Alarm trigger<br />
02:25am<br />
2nd opportunity<br />
178 Alarm trigger<br />
03:19am<br />
3rd opportunity<br />
100<br />
50<br />
Risk Zone<br />
Safe Zone<br />
Early Indications<br />
150 Alarm trigger<br />
02:04am<br />
1st opportunity<br />
Sleep Accident<br />
05:13am<br />
0
112<br />
111<br />
South African Site<br />
Fatigue Index: All Shifts & Crews<br />
111<br />
111.4<br />
110<br />
109<br />
109.1<br />
109.4<br />
108.8<br />
109.3<br />
108.9<br />
109.7<br />
108.3<br />
108<br />
107<br />
107.1<br />
106<br />
105<br />
104<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug
South African Site<br />
91<br />
90<br />
89.9<br />
90.5<br />
Fatigue Index: Day Shift All Crews<br />
90.3<br />
89.7<br />
90.6<br />
90.3<br />
90.2 90.18<br />
89<br />
89.1<br />
89.2<br />
88<br />
87<br />
86<br />
85<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug
South African Site<br />
131<br />
Fatigue Index : Night Shift All crews<br />
130<br />
129.7<br />
129<br />
128.7<br />
128<br />
127<br />
126<br />
125.8<br />
126.4<br />
125.8<br />
126.5<br />
125.3 125.8<br />
125<br />
124.5<br />
124<br />
123.7<br />
123<br />
122<br />
121<br />
120<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug
116<br />
114<br />
112<br />
Crew A Fatigue Index<br />
114<br />
112<br />
Crew B Fatigue Index<br />
110<br />
110<br />
108<br />
108<br />
106<br />
104<br />
106<br />
102<br />
104<br />
100<br />
98<br />
96<br />
102<br />
100<br />
94<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug<br />
98<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug<br />
116<br />
114<br />
Crew C Fatigue Index<br />
114<br />
112<br />
Crew D Fatigue Index<br />
112<br />
110<br />
110<br />
108<br />
108<br />
106<br />
106<br />
104<br />
104<br />
102<br />
102<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug<br />
100<br />
Avge Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug
<strong>Drivers</strong> stop when they are getting tired<br />
not when they are or when they are scheduled to…..
<strong>Drivers</strong> stop when they are getting tired<br />
not when they are or when they are scheduled to…..<br />
….because it just might be too late!
The Challenges?<br />
???<br />
!!!<br />
People<br />
Safety<br />
Change<br />
EVANGELISE<br />
EDUCATE<br />
DEPLOY<br />
• Guidelines<br />
• Process<br />
• Procedures<br />
• Technology
In Summary<br />
Key Issue<br />
“You are not going to stop people feeling tired!”<br />
Key Point<br />
“Technology will help to point the way”<br />
Key Message<br />
“Sleep is a necessity not a Luxury”
DRIVER TIREDNESS KILLS !!!
Thank You<br />
&<br />
Stay Safe
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