The humanitarian impacts of economic sanctions on Burundi

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Occasional Papers is a series published by <strong>The</strong> Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies Brown University, Box 1970 2 Stimson Avenue Providence, RI 02912 Telephone: (401) 863-2809 Fax: (401) 863-1270 E-mail: IIS@brown.edu http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Watson_Institute/ Thomas J. Biersteker, Ph.D., Director Frederick F. Fullerton, Writer/Editor Nancy Hamlin Soukup, Writer/Editor Amy M. Langlais, Computing Coordinator George L. Potter, Staff Assistant Statements <strong>of</strong> fact or opinion are solely those <strong>of</strong> the authors; their publication does not imply endorsement by the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. Copyright © 1997 by the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. All rights reserved under International and Pan American Convention. No part <strong>of</strong> this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any other means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Occasional Papers, Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. ii
CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................... v Executive Summary......................................................................... xi Introduction ................................................................................... xix Acronyms..................................................................................... xxiii Map <strong>of</strong> Burundi ............................................................................ xxv Chapter 1: <strong>The</strong> Context <strong>of</strong> Sanctions ........................................... 1 Chapter 2: <strong>The</strong> Socio<strong>economic</strong> Impacts <strong>of</strong> Sanctions ............. 13 Chapter 3: <strong>The</strong> Impacts <strong>of</strong> Sanctions on Humanitarian Activities .................................................................... 45 Chapter 4: <strong>The</strong> Political Impacts <strong>of</strong> Sanctions ......................... 67 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations ....................... 91 Appendix I: Chronology <strong>of</strong> Burundi Sanctions ...................... 101 Appendix II: Persons Interviewed ............................................ 109 About the Authors....................................................................... 115 About the Organizations............................................................ 117 iii
Page 1: Occasional Paper #29 THE HUMANITARI
Page 6 and 7: ing about political change through
Page 8 and 9: political changes, on the other. As
Page 10 and 11: NOTES 1 Thomas G. Weiss, David Cort
Page 12 and 13: continues to export, through smuggl
Page 14 and 15: Recommendations • The</st
Page 16 and 17: a system can be successful only if
Page 18 and 19: NOTES 1 Statement of</stron
Page 20 and 21: imposed, Burundi was a country alre
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Page 24 and 25: UNHCR UNICEF UPRONA WFP WHO United
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Page 28 and 29: Most exports transit through neighb
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Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 2 THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
Page 41 and 42: Burundi also has found ways to smug
Page 43 and 44: eappeared, along with salt from Tan
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Rate of inflation
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However, CPI increases in the July-
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seeds, as well as the normal distri
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income. Coffee pro
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The embargo has pr
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Essential Drugs All human medicines
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target of vaccinat
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from chronic malnutrition. In the c
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Table 2.5: Populations and Observed
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and Food Supply Assessment Mission
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Table 3.1: Chronology of</s
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guidelines for exemptions. 2 <stron
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authorities and UN/NGO agencies gre
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fertilizers and to the potential lo
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items to be imported by the UN, sub
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Nairobi and Bujumbura, as well as t
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cratic problems associated with the
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Tanzania, so that only small quanti
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conflict-prone areas into regroupem
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10 World Food Programme, An Analysi
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CHAPTER 4 THE POLITICAL IMPACTS OF
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the country was in danger and urgen
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genocide deeply affected regional p
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if negotiations between opposing fa
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egion as a whole appears to have co
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to which political parties could ex
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On November 16, Buyoya once again m
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the Arusha IV Regional Summit on Ap
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“[T]he embargo set on Burundi mus
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International reported that “arme
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14 UN Information Service, “Speci
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46 Matthew Bigg, “Burundi defiant
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sustain the momentum of</st
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usiness-like enforcement of
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for prohibiting such items. UN sanc
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enforcement rather than allowed to
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talks and the Arusha Summit. At the
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Mid-August August 16 August 16 Augu
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flights for emergency evacuation so
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December 6 Franco-African Summit, O
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“appeals to the countries <strong
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Rudi Veestraeten Second Secretary,
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Alexandra Humme Arjun Katoch Freder
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114
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elations. It seeks to be a multifac
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