UN Sanctions Reform - The Watson Institute for International Studies

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Workshop on UN Sanctions 16-17 July 2004 • What specific kinds of targeted measures should be imposed? • Who precisely should be subject to these sanctions? • Under what conditions should exemptions to these prohibitions be permitted? • How should sanctions be monitored? • What kind of information about Member State implementation is required by the Sanctions Committee? 25
Workshop on UN Sanctions 16-17 July 2004 Timeline of events in Arcadia 1970 • Arcadia achieves independence from the United Kingdom • Robert Zimmer becomes first President of Arcadia on an anti-colonial, leftist platform. 1974 • Zimmer successfully courts the Soviet Union to provide aid to Arcadia. 1985 • Zimmer’s Economic Minister, Rutherford Simmons, begins exploring opportunities to open the Arcadian economy to the West. 1989 • Soviet aid to Arcadia ceases. 1993 • Rutherford Simmons orchestrates a coup to depose Zimmer. • Simmons elaborates wide ranging strategy for political and economic reform. 1995 • Simmons elected President in Arcadia’s first Presidential ballot: Parliamentary elections also held for the first time. 1998 • Andries van Dam capitalizes on discontent in rural Arcadia (especially the resource rich province of Tiverton) to found the Revolutionary Brotherhood of Liberation (RBL). • The RBL gains territorial control over the province of Tiverton seeks to advance. • Displaced Arcadian villagers begin to seek refuge in neighboring countries. • Simmons prefers a moderate response, resisting rebel advances and seeking negotiations with van Dam. 1999 • The Security Council passes a resolution exhorting the rebels to negotiate. 2002 • After years of sometimes intense fighting, van Dam finally agrees to negotiate. He and Simmons meet in Seekonk (the capital of Bristol and sign and ceasefire accord. • The “Seekonk Ceasefire Accords” are to be monitored by UN observers following the passage of a Security Council resolution that creates the UN Mission in Arcadia (UNMIA). 2003 • Following a short period of peace, van Dam’s troops recommence military activity, again occupying Tiverton and seeking to advance towards Woonsocket. • In response, a cadre of Simmons’ advisers – including Karen Newman (Minister of Defense) and Rajiv Vohra (commander of elite forces) – assume decision-making power. They pursue an aggressive military response. • Reports emerge of widespread human rights abuses by both government and rebel forces. 2004 • The Security Council passes resolution 1648 (2004), imposing an arms embargo on the territory of Arcadia, creating a sanctions committee and requesting that a panel of experts be formed to monitor the implementation of the embargo and its effects on the conflict in Arcadia. 2005 • Successive expert reports show the extent to which government and rebel forces are exploiting the timber resources of Arcadia, for personal gain and to finance the rebellion. • The most recent reports indicate that both sides are targeting civilians and that 25 UNMIA observers have been killed in brutal circumstances (although neither side has admitted responsibility for this). 26
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UN Sanctions Reform - The Watson Institute for International Studies

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