Life of William Carey by George Smith - The Jesus Army

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CHAPTER X THE WYCLIF OF THE EAST--BIBLE TRANSLATION 1801-1832 The Bible Carey’s missionary weapon--Other vernacular translators--Carey’s modest but just description of his labours--His philological key--Type-cutting and type-casting by a Hindoo blacksmith--The first manufacture of paper and steam-engines in the East--Carey takes stock of the translation work at the opening of 1808--In his workshop--A seminary of Bible translators-- William Yates, shoemaker, the Coverdale of the Bengali Bible--Wenger--A Bengali Luther wanted--Carey’s Bengali Bible--How the New Testament was printed--The first copy offered to God--Reception of the volume by Lord Spencer and George III.--Self-evidencing power of the first edition--The Bible in Ooriya--In Maghadi, Assamese, Khasi, and Manipoori--Marathi, Konkani, and Goojarati versions--The translation into Hindi and its many dialects--The Dravidian translations--Tale of the Pushtoo Bible--The Sikhs and the Bible--The first Burman version and press--The British and Foreign Bible Society--Deaths, earthquake, and fire in 1812-- Destruction of the press--Thomason’s description of the smoking ruins--Carey’s heroism as to his manuscripts--Enthusiastic sympathy of India and Christendom--The phœnix and its feathers. EVERY great reform in the world has been, in the first instance, the work of one man, who, however much he may have been the product of his time, has conceived and begun to execute the movement which transforms society. This is true alike of the moral and the physical forces of history, of contemporaries so apparently opposite in character and aims as Carey and Clarkson on the one side and Napoleon and Wellington on the other. Carey stood alone in his persistent determination that the Church should evangelise the world. He was no less singular in the means which he insisted on as the first essential condition of its evangelisation--the vernacular translation of the Bible. From the Scriptures alone, while yet a journeyman shoemaker of eighteen, “he had formed his own system,” and had been filled with the divine missionary idea. That was a year before the first Bible Society was formed in 1780 to circulate the English Bible among soldiers and sailors; and, a quarter of a century before his own success led to the formation in 1804 of the British and Foreign Bible Society. From the time of his youth, when he realised the self-evidencing power of the Bible, Carey’s unbroken habit was to begin every morning by reading one chapter of the Bible, first in English, and then in each of the languages, soon, numbering six, which he had himself learned. Hence the translation of the Bible into all the languages and principal dialects of India and Eastern Asia was the work above all others to which Carey set himself from the time, in 1793, when he acquired the Bengali. He preached, he taught, he “discipled” in every form then reasonable and possible, and in the fullest sense of his Master’s missionary charge. But the one form of most pressing and abiding importance, the condition without which neither true faith, nor true science, nor true civilisation could exist or be propagated outside of the narrow circle to be reached by the one herald’s voice, was the publishing of the divine message in the mother tongues of the millions of Asiatic men and women, boys and girls, and in the learned tongues also of their leaders and priests. Wyclif had first done this for the English-reading races of all time, translating from the Latin, and so had begun the Reformation, religious and political, not only in Britain but in Western Christendom. Erasmus and Luther had followed him--the former in his Greek and Latin New Testament and in his Paraphrase of the Word for “women and cobblers, clowns, mechanics, and even the Turks”; the latter in his great vernacular translation of the edition of Erasmus, who had never ceased to urge his contemporaries to translate the Scriptures “into all tongues.” Tyndale had first given England the Bible from the Hebrew and 110
the Greek. And now one of these cobblers was prompted and enabled by the Spirit who is the author of the truth in the Scriptures, to give to South and Eastern Asia the sacred books which its Syrian sons, from Moses and Ezra to Paul and John, had been inspired to write for all races and all ages. Emphatically, Carey and his later coadjutors deserve the language of the British and Foreign Bible Society, when, in 1827, it made to Serampore a last grant of money for translation--“Future generations will apply to them the words of the translators of the English Bible--‘Therefore blessed be they and most honoured their names that break the ice and give the onset in that which helped them forward to the saving of souls. Now what can be more available thereto than to deliver God’s book unto God’s people in a tongue which they understand?’” Carey might tolerate interruption when engaged in other work, but for forty years he never allowed anything to shorten the time allotted to the Bible work. “You, madam,” he wrote in 1797 to a lady as to many a correspondent, “will excuse my brevity when I inform you that all my time for writting letters is stolen from the work of transcribing the Scriptures into the Bengali language.” From no mere humility, but with an accurate judgment in the state of scholarship and criticism at the opening of last century, Carey always insisted that he was a forerunner, breaking up the way for successors like Yates, Wenger, and Rouse, who, in their turn, must be superseded by purely native Tyndales and Luthers in the Church of India. He more than once deprecated the talk of his having translated the Bible into forty languages and dialects. 16 As we proceed that will be a apparent which he did with his own hand, that which his 16 THIRTY-SIX BIBLE TRANSLATIONS, MADE AND EDITED BY DR. CAREY AT SERAMPORE First Published in 1801. BENGALI--New Testament; Old Testament in 1802-9. 1811. Ooriya " " in 1819. 1824. Maghadi " only. 1815-19. Assamese " " in 1832. 1824. Khasi. 1814-24. Manipoori. 1808. SANSKRIT " " in 1811-18. 1809-11. HINDI " " in 1813-18. 1822-32. Bruj-bhasa " only. 1815-22. Kanouji " only. 1820. Khosali--Gospel of Matthew only. 1822. Oodeypoori--New Testament only. 1815. Jeypoori " 1821. Bhugeli " 1821. Marwari " 1822. Haraoti " 1823. Bikaneri " 1823. Oojeini " 1824. Bhatti " 1832. Palpa " 1826. Kumaoni " 1832. Gurhwali " 1821. Nepalese " 1811. MARATHI-- " Old Testament in 1820. 1820. Goojarati " only. 1819. Konkan " Pentateuch in 1821. 1815. PANJABI " " and Historical Books in 1822. 111
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LIFE OF WILLIAM CAREY, Shoemaker &
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CONTENTS PAGE I. CAREY’S COLLEGE
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Careys also had fallen on evil time
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for young Carey than for the rest o
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And England’s priestcraft shakes
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the fulness of his fame, that the e
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This cobbler’s shed which was Car
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“He followed Paul; his zeal a kin
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His genial loving-kindness and his
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“FIRST, As to their distance from
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crop, maintain themselves. They wou
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It was from Courteenhall, a Northam
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plied the dealing of the Lord of Ho
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appear to the subsequent subscripti
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CHAPTER III INDIA AS CAREY FOUND IT
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a licence; clouded the early years
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ciety which has so generously exert
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We can now see that, as usual, both
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with letters; the washing is done b
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Warren Hastings Hindoo Christians h
Page 42 and 43:
and is still in good order. There t
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Bengali sounds. It is a language of
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came incarnate, under the threefold
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“Sometimes I enjoyed sweet season
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will do well to associate as much a
Page 52 and 53:
efore magistrates and judges; and w
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time meant the distillation of rum.
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land, America, Germany, and France,
Page 58 and 59:
ies, rightly trusting to Danish pro
Page 60 and 61:
efore sent missionaries to Tranqueb
Page 62 and 63:
other; brother Carey is treasurer,
Page 64 and 65: CHAPTER VI THE FIRST NATIVE CONVERT
Page 66 and 67: whom, thirty years after, Macaulay
Page 68 and 69: hammedan convert was Peroo, another
Page 70 and 71: not join them occupied the missiona
Page 72 and 73: as one of the “great things” fr
Page 74 and 75: While the Marshmans gave their time
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER VII CALCUTTA AND THE MISSIO
Page 78 and 79: “The number of inquirers constant
Page 80 and 81: on probation, there were five survi
Page 82 and 83: chapters of Matthew are translated
Page 84 and 85: for one family, say also what will
Page 86 and 87: cannot be insulted without your bei
Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER VIII CAREY’S FAMILY AND F
Page 90 and 91: “MY DEAREST LOVE,--I felt very mu
Page 92 and 93: “A mission into Siam would be com
Page 94 and 95: Marshman could not resist joining t
Page 96 and 97: constant and familiar converse with
Page 98 and 99: his instrumentality, and what a tri
Page 100 and 101: than be accessory to a misunderstan
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER IX PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT, B
Page 104 and 105: Bhagavat-Geeta or Dialogue of Krish
Page 106 and 107: When Carey and his colleagues were
Page 108 and 109: The seventy students, their governo
Page 110 and 111: on the public service, enjoy the fa
Page 112 and 113: thought it incumbent upon him to at
Page 116 and 117: colleagues accomplished, that which
Page 118 and 119: Sir Charles Wilkins, the Caxton of
Page 120 and 121: cape of the Peninsula to Benares).
Page 122 and 123: eady, 500 copies of it were struck
Page 124 and 125: of the valley of the Brahmapootra.
Page 126 and 127: Lahore “the book of Jesus is spok
Page 128 and 129: the Serampore fire. I could scarcel
Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER XI WHAT CAREY DID FOR LITER
Page 132 and 133: It was a critical hour when the fir
Page 134 and 135: The practice of infanticide was rea
Page 136 and 137: weapons, in winning the first victo
Page 138 and 139: merchants as well as Arabs from Eas
Page 140 and 141: lunted the natural shrewdness of th
Page 142 and 143: “I therefore only observe, respec
Page 144 and 145: attending him, for exposing himself
Page 146 and 147: “17th September 1816.--I approve
Page 148 and 149: held on 14th September, when the co
Page 150 and 151: educated as the cultivators. Before
Page 152 and 153: At a time when the English and even
Page 154 and 155: of the Society. He concluded his ad
Page 156 and 157: It was by this means that Carey edu
Page 158 and 159: sion spirit directly gave birth to
Page 160 and 161: ings for promoting Christianity, wi
Page 162 and 163: tion the Governor-General yielded t
Page 164 and 165:
thus expressed in a letter to Franc
Page 166 and 167:
1812 the Committee had been increas
Page 168 and 169:
property, or thirty-two letters ran
Page 170 and 171:
men as theirs differ from one anoth
Page 172 and 173:
we may edify one another may abound
Page 174 and 175:
CHAPTER XIV CAREY AS AN EDUCATOR--T
Page 176 and 177:
Bible as at last tolerated under th
Page 178 and 179:
and the Brotherhood, to confer degr
Page 180 and 181:
manner all the points of difference
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In 1826 Carey, finding that his fav
Page 184 and 185:
Dr. Carey’s last report, at the c
Page 186 and 187:
ence, representing all the Protesta
Page 188 and 189:
CHAPTER XVI CAREY’S LAST DAYS 183
Page 190 and 191:
annual revenues collected for this
Page 192 and 193:
the college, and remained, assiduou
Page 194 and 195:
might India now have been!” In Se
Page 196 and 197:
weather will permit us to expect. I
Page 198 and 199:
am Carey to the converts’ burial-
Page 200 and 201:
What must have been the feelings on
Page 202 and 203:
its own people and to half the huma
Page 204 and 205:
performed by these respectively for
Page 206 and 207:
II.--STATUTES AND REGULATIONS OF SE
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III.--ARTICLE VI., CLAUSE 2, OF THE
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