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Tribunale di Vigevano: Specific Aspects of the CISG Uniformly Dealt With the court referred to about 40 foreign court decisions and arbitral awards. 53 The court has, in other words, more than any other court before it, taken into account the need to have regard to foreign case law in order to promote uniformity. It has done so, however, with the awareness that foreign case law is not binding. This is evident from the decision itself. Indeed, the court expressly states that foreign case law, “albeit non-binding, as suggested by a few legal writers, must nevertheless be taken into account in order to guarantee and promote a uniform application of [page 231] the Vienna Sales Convention.” 54 The court correctly rejected the minority view, 55 which attributes binding force to foreign case law and which even asks for the creation of a “supranational stare decisis.” 56 As far as the suggestion to create a “supranational stare decisis” is concerned, it does not take into account the rigid hierarchical structure of the court system which the stare decisis doctrine presupposes and which on an international level is lacking. 57 The decision of the Tribunale di Vigevano is, however, noteworthy not only because of the 17 large number of foreign cases quoted and the statement that foreign case law merely has persuasive value, but also because the court quoted, apart from decisions published in law reviews, decisions published in the UNILEX database as well as in two of the aforementioned online databases. 58 V. Exclusion of the CISG 18 One of the issues touched upon by the court relates to the parties' possibility to exclude the 19 CISG, 59 which led several authors to label the CISG as a “dispositive” convention. 60 After 53 In its decision, the court referred to court decisions from Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. 54 Tribunale di Pavia, December 29, 1999, supra note 41, at 933 (expressly stating that “foreign case law merely has persuasive value.”). 55 Cf. SCHLECHTRIEM, supra note 13, at 29-30; MAGNUS, supra note 13, at 21. Albeit with reference to the UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring, see also FRANCO FERRARI, IL FACTORING INTERNAZIONALE 115 (Padova, 1999). 56 Larry A. Dimatteo, An International Contract Law Formula: The Informality of International Business Transactions Plus the Internationalization of Contract Law Equals Unexpected Contractual Liability, 23 SYRACUSE J. INT'L L. and COM. 67, 78-79 (1997); Larry A. Dimatteo, The CISG and the Presumption of Enforceability: Unintended Contractual Liability in International Business Dealings, 22 YALE INT'L L.J. 111, 133 (1997). 57 See also Ferrari, supra note 23, at 128. 58 Supra notes 33-37 59 For papers on the exclusion of the CISG, see Rüdiger Holthausen, Vertraglicher Ausschluß des UN-Übereinkommens über internationale Warenkaufvertäge, RECHT DER INTERNATIONALEN WIRTSCHAFT 513 (1989); Claude Witz, L'exclusion de la Convention des Nations unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises par la volonte des parties (Convention de Vienne du 11 avril 1980), DALLOZ CHRONIQUE 107 (1990). 60 Many legal writers have referred to the CISG's “dispositive nature”; see, for instance, WILHELM-ALBRECHT ACHILLES, KOMMENTAR ZUM UN-KAUFRECHTS ÜBEREINKOMMEN (CISG) SiSU cisgw3.law.pace.edu/ 7
Tribunale di Vigevano: Specific Aspects of the CISG Uniformly Dealt With having stated that the CISG does apply [page 232] to the case at hand by virtue of Article 1(1)(a), the court expressly stated that the parties had not taken advantage of the possibility of excluding the CISG. Unlike other courts, the Tribunale di Vigevano did not, however, limit itself to emphasizing the fact that the parties had not excluded the CISG. Rather, it grasped that occasion to deal in more detail with the issue of implicit exclusion which it, like many 61 -- albeit not all 62 -- courts and legal writers 63 considered admissible. In its decision, the court mainly deals with the (rather practical) issue of whether the CISG 20 must be considered as having been excluded where the parties pleaded on the sole basis of a particular domestic law (in the case at hand, Italian law) despite the fact that all of the CISG's criteria of applicability were met. The court correctly stated that the mere fact that the parties argue on the sole basis of a domestic law must not necessarily be taken 25 (Neuwied, 2000); Sergio Carbone, L'ambito di applicazione ed i criteri interpretativi della Convenzione di Vienna sulla vendita internazionale, in LA VENDITA INTERNAZIONALE 61, 78 (Milan 1981); FRANCO FERRARI, LA VENDITA INTERNAZIONALE. APPLICABILITA ED APPLICAZIONI DELLA CONVENZIONE DI VIENNA DEL 1980, 158 (Padova 1997); JOCHEN LINDBACH, RECHTSWAHL IM EINHEITSRECHT AM BEISPIEL DES WIENER UN-KAUFRECHTS 67 (Aachen 1996); Paul Volken, Das Wiener Übereinkommen über den internationalen Warenkauf. Anwendungsvorausetzungen und Anwendungsbereich, in EINHEITLICHES KAUFRECHT UND NATIONALES OBLIGATIONENRECHT 92 (Peter Schlechtriem ed., Baden-Baden 1987). 61 See also OLGMünchen, 9 September 1997, FORUM FÜR INTERNATIONALES RECHT 159 (1997); LG München, 29 May 1995, NEUE JURISTISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 401 (1996). 62 LG Landshut, 5 April 1995, UNILEX; Orbisphere Corp. v. United States, 726 F. Supp. 1344, 1355 n.7 (Ct. Int'l Trade 1989). 63 See also BERNARD AUDIT, LA VENTE INTERNATIONALE DE MARCHANDISES 38 (Paris 1990); Kevin Bell, The Sphere of Application of the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 8 PACE INT'L L.J. 237, 255 (1996); Jacopo Cappuccio, La deroga implicta nella convenzione di Vienna de1 1980, Diritto del commercio internazionale 867, 868-869 (1994); Calvo Caravaca, Art. 6, in LA COMPRA VENT A INTERNACIONAL DE MERCADERIAS 94 (Luis Diez-Picazo ed., Madrid 1998); Sergio Carbone e Riccardo Luzzatto, I contratti del commercio internazionale, in 11 TRATTATO DI DIRITTO PRIVATO 132 (Pietro Rescigno ed., Torino 1984); BEATE CZERWENKA, RECHTSANWENDUNGSPROBLEME IM INTERNATIONALEN KAUFRECHT. DAS KOLLISIONSRECHT BEI GRENZÜBERSCHREITENDEN KAUFVERTRÄGEN UND DER ANWENDUNGSBEREICH DER INTERNATIONALEN KAUFRECHTSÜBEREINKOMMEN 170 (Berlin 1988); Samuel K. Date-Bah, The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. 1980: Overview and Selective Commentary, REVIEW OF GHANA LAW 50, 54 (1979); Franco Ferrari, Art. 6, KOMMENTAR ZUM EINHEITLICHEN UN-KAUFRECHT, supra note 23, at 113-114; ALEJANDRO GARRO E ALBERTO L. ZUPPI, COMPRAVENTA INTERNACIONAL DE MERCADERIAS 98 (Buenos Aires 1990); HOLTHAUSEN, supra note 59, at 515; KAROLLUS, supra note 10, at 38; Nicole Lacasse, Le champ d'application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises, in ACTES DU COLLOQUE SUR LA VENTE INTERNATIONALE 37 (Louis Perret and Nicole Lacasse eds., Montreal 1989); Fabio Liguori, La Convenzione di Vienna sulla vendita internazionale di beni mobili nella pratica: un'analisi critica delle prime cento decisioni, 4 FORO ITALIANO 145, 158 (1996); LINDBACH, supra note 60, at 253; Barry Nicholas, The Vienna Convention on International Sales Law, 105 L.Q.R. 201, 208 (1989); PETER SCHLECHTRIEM, EINHEITLICHES UN-KAUFRECHT 21 (Tübingen 1981); Kurt Siehr, Art. 6, in KOMMENTAR ZUM UN-KAUFRECHT, supra note 23, at 81-82; Witz, supra note 59, at 108 SiSU cisgw3.law.pace.edu/ 8
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