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Tribunale di Vigevano: Specific Aspects of the CISG Uniformly Dealt With
exceptional cases 88 - have recourse to domestic law. 89 This point of view also has been
taken up by a number of courts. 90 There is, however, no agreement among these legal
writers as to how to determine the applicable domestic law. Whereas some legal writers
hold the view that one should always resort to the lex fori, 91 others propose to resort to
the domestic law made applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law of the
forum. 92
The prevailing view, however, appears to be that the issue of burden of proof is a matter 30
governed by the CISG 93 (at least “implicitly” 94 or “indirectly” 95 ). This view has been justified,
on the one hand, on the grounds that the CISG itself provides at least one rule on
the allocation of the burden [page 237] of proof, 96 namely the one to be found in Article
79(1). 97 Thus, it cannot be asserted that the issue of the allocation of the burden of proof
is not governed by the CISG. On the other hand, legal scholars have pointed out that the
issue of burden of proof is so closely linked to the substantive law that a rule on the allocation
of the burden of proof must necessarily be derived from the substantive law, i.e. the
88 See, e.g., MAX HUTTER, DIE HAFTUNG DES VERKÄUFERS FÜR NICHTLIEFERUNG DER WARE
BZW. LIEFERUNG VERTRAGSWIDRIGER WARE NACH DEM WIENER UNCITRAL-ÜBEREINKOMMEN
ÜBER INTERNATIONALE WARENKAUFVERTRÄGE VOM 11 April 1980 44 (Diss. Regensburg 1988).
89 Warren L.H. Khoo, Art. 2, in COMMENTARY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SALES LAW, supra note 25, at
39; Ulrich Huber, Der UNCITRAL-Entwurf eines Übereinkommens über internationale Warenkaufverträge,
RABELS ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES UND INTERNATIONALES PRIVATRECHT 413, 479
(1979); GERT REINHART, UN-KAUFRECHT 89 (Heidelberg 1991); Arthur Rosett, Critical Reflections on
the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 45 OHIO STATE L.J. 265,
281 (1984); GRITLI RYFFEL, DIE SCHADENERSATZHAFTUNG DES VERKÄUFERS NACH DEM
WIENER ÜBEREINKOMMEN ÜBER INTERNATIONALE WARENKAUFVERTRÄGE VOM 11 Apri1 1980
59 (Bern 1992).
90 ICC Arbitral Award no. 6653/93, JOURNAL DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 1044 (1993).
91 Cf. compare Khoo, supra note 89, at 39; Dirk Ott o , Produkthaftung nach dem UN-Kaufrecht,
MONATSSCHRIFT FÜR DEUTSCHES RECHT 533, 534 (1992); RYFFEL, supra note 89, at 59.
92 Cosi Shivbir S. Grewal, Risk of loss in Goods Sold During Transit: A Comparative Study of the United
Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the Uniform Commercial Code, and
the British Sale of Goods Act, 14 LOY. L.A. INT'L and COMP. L. REV. 93, 102 (1991).
93 Cf. JOACHIM AUE, MÄNGELGEWÄHRLEISTUNG IM UN-KAUFRECHT 110 (Frankfurt 1989); Cesare
Massimo Bianca, Art. 36, in COMMENTARY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SALES LAW, supra note 25, at
287-288; Victor Knap p , Art. 74, in COMMENTARY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SALES LAW, supra note
25, at 541; Rolf Herber, Anwendungsbereich des UNCITRAL-Kaufrechtsübereinkommens, in DAS
UNCITRAL-KAUFRECHT IM VERGLEICH ZUM ÖSTERREICHISCHEN RECHT, supra note 74, at 41;
HERBER and CZERWENKA, supra note 24, at 32; JUNG, supra note 87, at 40; Ulrich Magnus, Stand und
Entwicklung des UN-Kaufrechts, ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EUROPÄISCHES PRIVATRECHT 202, 207 (1995);
REIMERS-ZOCHER, supra note 87, at 148.
94 HG Zürich, 9 September 1993, UNILEX.
95 Oskar Hartwieg, Prozessuale Aspekte einheitlicher Anwendung der Wiener UN-Konvention über den
Internationalen Warenkauf (CISG). Eine komparative Fall-Studie zur einheitlichen Rechtsanwendung,
ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR VERGLEICHENDE RECHTSWISSENSCHAFT 282, 321 (1993).
96 MAGNUS, supra note 13, at 122.
97 See also REIMERS-ZOCHER, supra note 87, at 146 ff.
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