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List of Figures<br />

1.1 This thesis within the disciplines .............................. 12<br />

1.2 This thesis as dialogue (contains spoilers) ......................... 14<br />

1.3 A crossword puzzle ..................................... 15<br />

2.1 Bloom’s taxonomy (revised version) ............................ 20<br />

2.2 The SOLO taxonomy .................................... 23<br />

4.1 A commonly used basic architecture of human memory .................. 34<br />

4.2 A short program that features multiple plans ........................ 39<br />

4.3 Types of cognitive load and load-related problems ..................... 45<br />

5.1 Robust models transferred into an unexpected context ................... 67<br />

6.1 A classification of constructivisms .............................. 76<br />

6.2 A radical destructivist .................................... 80<br />

7.1 The phenomenographic research perspective ........................ 95<br />

8.1 Views from three traditions: the foundations of learning and research . . .........108<br />

8.2 Views from three traditions: mechanisms and processes of learning . . . .........108<br />

8.3 Views from three traditions: pedagogy ...........................109<br />

8.4 Views from three traditions: programming education ...................109<br />

10.1 A visualization of a simple notional machine ........................130<br />

10.2 A visualization of objects ..................................130<br />

10.3 A visualization of objects and call stack frames ......................130<br />

10.4 A visualization of parameter passing ............................132<br />

10.5 BlueJ’s object workbench and object inspector . . . ....................132<br />

10.6 Anchor Garden ........................................133<br />

10.7 The Python Visual Sandbox .................................133<br />

11.1 Forms of software visualization ...............................142<br />

11.2 A classification of programming environments and languages for novice programmers . . 143<br />

11.3 A two-dimensional engagement taxonomy (2DET) .....................150<br />

11.4 The PyDev debugger in Eclipse ...............................155<br />

11.5 Basic Programming for the Atari 2600 ...........................156<br />

11.6 DynaLab ...........................................157<br />

11.7 Amethyst ...........................................158<br />

11.8 Bradman ...........................................158<br />

11.9 VisMod ............................................158<br />

11.10 DISCOVER ..........................................159<br />

11.11 Korsh and Sangwan’s program visualization tool ......................161<br />

11.12 VINCE ............................................161<br />

11.13 OGRE ............................................162<br />

11.14 JIVE .............................................163<br />

11.15 Memview ...........................................163<br />

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