NMPA_International_Survey_12th_Edition

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APPENDIX D GLOSSARY OF TERMS INTERNET AUDIO TECHNOLOGIES <strong>NMPA</strong> INTERNATIONAL SURVEY TWELTH EDITION APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY OF TERMS BROADBAND High-speed access to the Internet. Broadband connectivity is increasing at exponential rates for both business and residential users. Some examples of broadband access include cable modems, direct service lines (DSL), and T1/T3. DOWNLOADING The physical copying of a file onto a user’s hard drive/PC from either an Internet server or another person’s computer. ENCODING The conversion of a sound recording into a digital file format. LIMITED DOWNLOAD A digital transmission of a time-limited or other use-limited download of a sound recording of a single musical work to a local storage device (e.g.,the hard drive of the user's computer or a portable device),using technology designed to cause the downloaded file to be available for listening only either (1) during a limited time or (2) for a limited number of times. LOCKER SERVICE An application in which a user stores digital music in a password-protected virtual locker,rather than on a computer hard drive. The user can then access this locker from any computer with an Internet connection. MP3 Short for (Motion Pictures Experts Group) MPEG version 1 layer 3, MP3 is the most commonly available audio file format available on the Internet. MP3 technology achieves compression ratios of 10:1 to 12:1. Typically,one minute of music is equal to one megabyte for stereo files. 60
APPENDIX D ON-DEMAND STREAM An on-demand,real-time digital transmission of a sound recording of a single musical work to allow a user to listen to a particular sound recording chosen by the user at a time chosen by the user, using streaming technology,which may include but is not limited to Real Audio or Windows Media Audio. PEER-TO-PEER Also referred to as file sharing, peer-to-peer is a newly popular type of application in which,rather than accessing files from a central server, users access a common network hub and open up portions of their own computer’s hard drive to the public for downloading. Well known peer-to-peer services include Napster, Gnutella, and Freenet. PLAYLIST Incorporated into most software playback devices, playlists let you create,save,and load groups of songs to play in the order you choose. Making a playlist is like making a digital mix tape. PLUG-IN A plug-in is an external tool that, when added onto a software playback device, gives the application additional features and functionality. REAL AUDIO Developed by Real Networks, a file compressed using Real Media Audio technology and is almost half the size of an MP3 of the same song. Files can be streamed and downloaded using Real Networks Technology. RIPPER An application that copies music from a compact disc onto a computer’s hard drive. Once ripped, the audio file can be converted into other formats, uploaded to web servers,and/or burned onto another compact disc. RIPPING The process of copying sound recordings from a compact disc onto a computer’s hard drive. STREAMING The digital transmission of a sound recording of a musical work via the Internet to a user’s PC using streaming technology,which may include but is not limited to Real Audio® or Windows Media Audio. WAV The Microsoft Windows standard audio file format. Converting audio to WAV format does not compress the signal,therefore the file size remains as large as the original, typically about 10 megabytes per minute of music (for stereo files). WEBCASTING One of the fast growing areas on the Internet, webcasting generally refers to the streaming of audio on the Internet, and is sometimes called Internet radio. Webcasters may be Internet-only services that transmit several different genre-based channels,retransmitters of traditional AM/FM broadcasts,or services that syndicate music programming as background music on Web sites. WINDOWS MEDIA AUDIO Developed by Microsoft®, a file compressed using Windows Media Audio is almost half the size of an MP3 of the same song,and sounds just as good or better.Files can be streamed using the Advanced Streaming Format (ASF),and through the Windows Media Rights Manager, sites can require payment or registration to enable a download. <strong>NMPA</strong> INTERNATIONAL SURVEY TWELTH EDITION APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY OF TERMS 61
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12th e d i t i o n NATIONAL MUSIC P
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Preface The National Music Publishe
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Executive Summary This is the NMPA
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Following a solid 14% growth in rev
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Table 6 Master Survey Data 2001 INT
Page 12 and 13: Table 7 Flat Exchange Rates 2001 IN
Page 14 and 15: Chart 4 22 Other Countries Ireland
Page 16 and 17: REPRODUCTION-BASED INCOME In 2001,
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Page 20 and 21: International Year in Review:2002 C
Page 26 and 27: LATIN AMERICA NMPA INTERNATIONAL SU
Page 42 and 43: APPENDIX A NMPA INTERNATIONAL SURVE
Page 44 and 45: APPENDIX B International Involvemen
Page 46 and 47: APPENDIX C U.K., JAPAN, GERMANY, FR
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Page 50 and 51: APPENDIX C The Main Organizations o
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Page 58 and 59: APPENDIX C ITALY UPDATE NMPA INTERN
Page 60 and 61: APPENDIX C SPAIN UPDATE NMPA INTERN
Page 64 and 65: NMPA: A Brief History As technology
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