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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This technical note is the product of a collaborative effort. Many people representing many different entities had a hand in its development. The project occurred under the leadership of Ray Brady, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Washington Office. The final content was approved by the BLM Regional Mitigation Project Team: Joe Vieira (Lead), Michael Dwyer, Wendy Seley, and Gordon Toevs. Special thanks go to the Argonne National Laboratory project support team: Heidi Hartmann (Lead), Laura Fox, David Murphy, Karen Smith, Shannon Stewart, Konstance Wescott, and Lee Walston. Special thanks also go to John McCarty (BLM Washington Office), Rochelle Francisco (BLM Nevada State Office), Fred Edwards, Mark Slaughter, Kathleen Sprowl, Boris Poff, and the other members of the BLM Southern Nevada District, Pahrump Field Office Interdisciplinary Team. Members of the Information and Publishing Services Section at the BLM National Operations Center assisted by providing editorial and design and layout services. Many others contributed by attending or helping conduct one or more of the workshops conducted to obtain input from interested parties, by providing comments on draft versions of this document, and by providing management oversight and/or technical support. Thanks to all who contributed! ii • REGIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE DRY LAKE SOLAR ENERGY ZONE • TECHNICAL NOTE 444
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 1. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE_______________________________________________________________ 2 1.1 Purpose of the Strategy_______________________________________________________________________ 2 1.2 Background______________________________________________________________________________ 3 1.3 Solar Regional Mitigation Strategy Process___________________________________________________________ 4 1.4 Stakeholder Involvement in the Solar Regional Mitigation Strategy Process________________________________________ 5 2. MITIGATION STRATEGY – DRY LAKE SOLAR ENERGY ZONE__________________________________________ 6 2.1 Description of the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone and Surrounding Region__________________________________________ 6 2.1.1 General Description of the Solar Energy Zone______________________________________________________ 6 2.1.2 Landscape Conditions of the Solar Energy Zone and the Region___________________________________________ 6 2.1.3 Regional Setting_______________________________________________________________________ 8 2.1.3.1 General Description________________________________________________________________ 8 2.1.3.2 Problematic Regional Trends___________________________________________________________ 8 2.2 General Description of Solar Development in the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone______________________________________ 18 2.2.1 Description of Existing Rights-of-Way and Impact on Developable Area_____________________________________ 18 2.2.2 Description of Potential Development_________________________________________________________ 18 2.3 Summary of Solar Development Impacts on the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone______________________________________ 19 2.4 Mitigation Strategy (Hierarchy) of the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone_____________________________________________ 20 2.4.1 Avoidance__________________________________________________________________________ 20 2.4.1.1 Dry Wash/Riparian Areas____________________________________________________________ 20 2.4.1.2 Existing Rights-of-Way, Mining Claims, etc._________________________________________________ 20 2.4.2 Minimization________________________________________________________________________ 21 2.4.2.1 Summary of Programmatic Design Features to be Applied________________________________________ 21 2.4.2.2 Other Required Impact Minimization Measures and/or Stipulations___________________________________ 21 2.4.3 Regional Mitigation____________________________________________________________________ 21 2.4.3.1 Identification of Unavoidable Impacts____________________________________________________ 22 2.4.3.2 Unavoidable Impacts that May Warrant Regional Mitigation_______________________________________ 23 2.4.3.2.1 Conceptual Models__________________________________________________________ 23 2.4.3.2.2 Unavoidable Impacts that May Warrant Regional Mitigation_________________________________ 23 2.5 Regional Mitigation Goals____________________________________________________________________ 24 2.5.1 Background on Regional Goals______________________________________________________________ 24 2.5.2 Las Vegas Resource Management Plan Goals and Objectives____________________________________________ 24 2.5.3 Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone Mitigation Goals and Objectives____________________________________________ 25 2.6 Calculating the Recommended Mitigation Fee for the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone___________________________________ 26 2.7 Management of Solar Regional Mitigation Fees________________________________________________________ 28 2.8 Evaluation of Mitigation Locations, Objectives, and Actions_________________________________________________ 29 2.9 Mitigation Effectiveness Monitoring and Adaptive Management Plan__________________________________________ 35 2.10 Implementation Strategy_____________________________________________________________________ 43 REFERENCES_________________________________________________________________________________ 45 APPENDIX A: Impact Assessment Summary Table___________________________________________________________ 46 APPENDIX B: Regional and Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone Conceptual Models____________________________________________ 51 APPENDIX C: Summary Table: Impacts that May Warrant Regional Mitigation for the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone_____________________ 54 APPENDIX D: BLM Screening of Candidate Regional Mitigation Sites for the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone__________________________ 57 APPENDIX E: Mitigation of Visual Resource Impacts in the Dry Lake Solar Energy Zone_____________________________________ 63 REGIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE DRY LAKE SOLAR ENERGY ZONE • TECHNICAL NOTE 444 • iii
Page 1 and 2: Regional Mitigation Strategy for th
Page 3: Regional Mitigation Strategy for th
Page 7 and 8: The “Regional Mitigation Strategy
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Background I n 2012, the BLM an
Page 11 and 12: 1.4 Stakeholder Involvement in the
Page 13 and 14: Range. A full description of the la
Page 15 and 16: plant communities of regional impor
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2-4. Dry Lake Solar Energy Z
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-6. Land cover types in the
Page 21 and 22: Geospatial Data 1. Landscape Condit
Page 23 and 24: Table 2-3 (continued). Solar Energy
Page 25 and 26: 2.3 Summary of Solar Development Im
Page 27 and 28: 2.4.2 Minimization 2.4.2.1 Summary
Page 29 and 30: documented (see Appendix A, Impact
Page 31 and 32: • Manage desert tortoise habitat
Page 33 and 34: Step 1: Select Mitigation Action(s)
Page 35 and 36: 2.8 Evaluation of Mitigation Locati
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2-10. Gold Butte Area of Cri
Page 39 and 40: Mitigation Goals and Tasks Reason W
Page 41 and 42: 2.9 Mitigation Effectiveness Monito
Page 43 and 44: (MacKinnon et al. 2011) and supplem
Page 45 and 46: are evaluated. These data are also
Page 47 and 48: Remote sensing technologies provide
Page 49 and 50: 2.10 Implementation Strategy This p
Page 51 and 52: References BLM (Bureau of Land Mana
Page 53 and 54: Resource/ Issue Are impacts compreh
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Resource/ Issue Are impacts compreh
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Appendix B: Regional and Dry Lake S
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Tier 3 Conceptual Model, Dry Lake S
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Resource/ Issue Unavoidable Impacts
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Appendix D: BLM Screening of Candid
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# Criteria SEZ Candidate Sites Note
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# Criteria SEZ Candidate Sites Note
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Appendix E: Mitigation of Visual Re
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The Dry Lake SEZ is located within
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This distribution indicates that Sc
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for determining VRM Class objective
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Figure 7. BLM Southern Nevada Distr
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Sensitivity. Distribution of sensit
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VRM Class Objectives: The majority
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Desert National Wildlife Refuge, th
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