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Tier 2 Conceptual Model, Resource-Based Model Landscape Elements Latitude, elevation, slope/topography/relief, surficial geology, community composition, spatial configuration, landscape dynamics Change Agent - Disturbance Human Activities Natural (fire) Greenhouse gas emissions, climate change Soil disturbance, fire Atmospheric Conditions Air Quality Climate Paleontological Excavation Fire, noise, pollution, soil disturbance, new structures/roads, in-migration of workers Fire, noise, invasive species, surface disturbance Human Elements* Ecosystem Components and Processes BLM-Managed Activities and Resources Specially Designated Areas Socioeconomics Vegetation SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES Vegetation Habitat availability, composition structure Pollination, herbivory, seed dispersal Land and Realty Environmental Justice Moisture, nutrient cycling Stabilization Wildlife Transportation Minerals Development Lands with Wilderness Characteristics Native American Concerns Cultural Resources Ecosystem health** Human element related activities Habitat and food availability Soil Resources SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES Animals Burrowing, decomposition Mineral nutrients, organic matter, microorganisms, biological crust, desert pavement Habitat availability Livestock and Grazing Wild Horses and Burros Recreation Visual Resources Acoustics Military Uses Organic matter inputs Plant production Sediment, nutrient transport Hydrology Nutrient availability, sediment transport SURFACE Lakes, riparian, floodplains, rivers, and drainage networks GROUNDWATER Recharge, springs, seeps Legend Resource and BLM-managed activities Direction of processes (orange arrows associated with anthropogenic disturbance) Natural drivers Change agents Atmospheric conditions * Human elements include the human concerns and related resources for which impact evaluation was included in the Final Solar PEIS. These are activities and resources with (or requiring) human engagement in one of the following ways: (1) requires active participation in management of a resource or activity (e.g., lands and realty, specially designated areas, transportation, grazing, mineral development, recreation, military uses; (2) addresses the perspective or perception of a resource (e.g., visual resources, acoustics, lands with wilderness characteristics, cultural); and/or (3) addresses human-specific values (e.g., cultural resources, Native American concerns, socioeconomics, environmental justice). ** Ecosystem health is referred to as the degree to which the integrity of the soil and the ecological processes of the ecosystem are sustained (BLM Handbook H-4180-1). Ecosystem health can influence Native American concerns, visual resources, specially designated areas, and recreation. Human elements can also influence ecosystem components (e.g., recreation can compact soils, hunting can impact species, etc.). 52 • REGIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE DRY LAKE SOLAR ENERGY ZONE • TECHNICAL NOTE 444
Tier 3 Conceptual Model, Dry Lake SEZ Solar Development Model Landscape Elements Latitude, elevation, slope/topography/relief, surficial geology, community composition, spatial configuration, landscape dynamics Land use conflict Loss of access Human Elements* BLM-Managed Activities and Resources Specially Designated Area Coyote Springs Area of Critical Environmental Concern Specially Designated Areas Desert National Wildlife Refuge; Old Spanish National Historic Trail; Arrow Canyon Wilderness Area; Muddy Mountains Wilderness Area, and Nellis Dunes Special Recreation Management Area Fire, noise, pollution, new structures/roads, rights-of-way, in-migration of workers, loss of ecosystem, surface disturbance, vegetation clearing, lighting Tortoise habitat, potential translocation site Visual Resources Military Uses Nellis Air Force Base Native American Concerns Solar Development Disturbance Ecosystem health** Human element related activities Greenhouse gas emissions, climate change Soil disturbance, fire Fire, noise, surface disturbance, loss of habitat, water withdrawal, introduction of invasive species Moisture, nutrient cycling Atmospheric Conditions Air Quality Climate Ecosystem Components and Processes Vegetation Creosotebush, white bursage, yucca, cactus SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES Rosy two-toned penstemon Stabilization Habitat and food availability Wildlife Mule deer, kit fox Habitat availability, composition structure Pollination, herbivory, seed dispersal SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES Desert tortoise, golden eagle, Gila monster, Mojave Desert sidewinder, ferruginous hawk, loggerhead shrike, and Le Conte’s thrasher Soil Resources Migratory birds Desert pavement, biological crust, mineral nutrients, organic matter, microorganisms Burrowing, decomposition Habitat availability Recreation Off-road vehicle, hunting Cultural Resources Organic matter inputs Sediment, nutrient transport Hydrology*** Nutrient availability, sediment transport Mineral Development Gypsum SURFACE Riparian, ephemeral washes, wetlands, drainage networks Plant production GROUNDWATER Garnet Valley, Hidden Valley, Coyote Springs Recharge, springs, seeps Legend Impacts to resources can be mitigated onsite Impacts to resource may be unavoidable Impacts to resource considered unavoidable Direction of processes (orange arrows associated with solar development disturbance) Natural drivers Change agent Atmospheric conditions * Human elements include the human concerns and related resources for which impact evaluation was included in the Final Solar PEIS. These are activities and resources with (or requiring) human engagement in one of the following ways: (1) requires active participation in management of a resource or activity (e.g., lands and realty, specially designated areas, transportation, grazing, mineral development, recreation, military uses; (2) addresses the perspective orperception f a resource (e.g., visual resources, acoustics, lands with wilderness characteristics, cultural); and/or (3) addresses human-specific values (e.g., cultural resources, Native American concerns, socioeconomics, environmental justice). ** Ecosystem health is referred to as the degree to which the integrity of the soil and the ecological processes of the ecosystem are sustained (BLM Handbook H-4180-1). Ecosystem health can influence Native American concerns, visual resources, specially designated areas, and recreation. Human elements can also influence ecosystem components (e.g., recreation can compact soils, hunting can impact species, etc.). *** Unavoidable hydrologic impacts may occur due to changes in drainage and recharge patterns. Potential impacts to water availability will be mitigated onsite through the implementation of a net neutral use policy (water rights must be purchased). REGIONAL MITIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE DRY LAKE SOLAR ENERGY ZONE • TECHNICAL NOTE 444 • 53
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Regional Mitigation Strategy for th
Page 3 and 4:
Regional Mitigation Strategy for th
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT_________
Page 7 and 8: The “Regional Mitigation Strategy
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Background I n 2012, the BLM an
Page 11 and 12: 1.4 Stakeholder Involvement in the
Page 13 and 14: Range. A full description of the la
Page 15 and 16: plant communities of regional impor
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2-4. Dry Lake Solar Energy Z
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-6. Land cover types in the
Page 21 and 22: Geospatial Data 1. Landscape Condit
Page 23 and 24: Table 2-3 (continued). Solar Energy
Page 25 and 26: 2.3 Summary of Solar Development Im
Page 27 and 28: 2.4.2 Minimization 2.4.2.1 Summary
Page 29 and 30: documented (see Appendix A, Impact
Page 31 and 32: • Manage desert tortoise habitat
Page 33 and 34: Step 1: Select Mitigation Action(s)
Page 35 and 36: 2.8 Evaluation of Mitigation Locati
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2-10. Gold Butte Area of Cri
Page 39 and 40: Mitigation Goals and Tasks Reason W
Page 41 and 42: 2.9 Mitigation Effectiveness Monito
Page 43 and 44: (MacKinnon et al. 2011) and supplem
Page 45 and 46: are evaluated. These data are also
Page 47 and 48: Remote sensing technologies provide
Page 49 and 50: 2.10 Implementation Strategy This p
Page 51 and 52: References BLM (Bureau of Land Mana
Page 53 and 54: Resource/ Issue Are impacts compreh
Page 55 and 56: Resource/ Issue Are impacts compreh
Page 57: Appendix B: Regional and Dry Lake S
Page 61 and 62: Resource/ Issue Unavoidable Impacts
Page 63 and 64: Appendix D: BLM Screening of Candid
Page 65 and 66: # Criteria SEZ Candidate Sites Note
Page 67 and 68: # Criteria SEZ Candidate Sites Note
Page 69 and 70: Appendix E: Mitigation of Visual Re
Page 71 and 72: The Dry Lake SEZ is located within
Page 73 and 74: This distribution indicates that Sc
Page 75 and 76: for determining VRM Class objective
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7. BLM Southern Nevada Distr
Page 79 and 80: Sensitivity. Distribution of sensit
Page 81 and 82: VRM Class Objectives: The majority
Page 83: Desert National Wildlife Refuge, th
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