MOM 2006 journal for pdf.pmd - University of Michigan-Flint

individual behavior attempts to answers “proximal” or “how” questions, while “ultimate” or
“why” questions based on evolutionary ideas are better answered if directed to groups,
populations, and species (Paterson 2001). With this in mind, I begin with great efforts toward
accuracy in summarizing and describing the complex social interactions Imara has faced when
confronted by dominant females.
A typical day for Imara is spent in isolation or seclusion from everyone in the troop usually
self-grooming, resting, or scanning. Previous research on chimpanzee personality suggests his
behavior may be based on genetic inheritability, age, and sex (Weiss et al. 2000; King et al.
2005). I speculate Imara, who is not quite an adult, may have a social phobia (i.e. fear of being
observed) because he voluntarily eliminates himself from the group’s social interactions (e.g.
grooming). Grooming is a highly social activity and strengthens bonds between members of the
troop. Imara has been observed grooming only Bahati and Trixie, and both seem very accepting
of his company.
I have observed instances when Bahati appears frustrated with Bubbles and aggression toward
her leads to a complex chase of Imara. For example, Bubbles will not acknowledge Bahati
presenting, and Bahati will begin an aggressive display. After a few minutes of a stand-off
between Bahati and Bubbles, Bubbles will look for Imara and chase him. Several occasions
resulted in the whole troop joining and chasing Imara. A few of these chases were instigated by
Chiana. Chiana, who has copulated with Imara, may be trying to change her position in the
troop. It is important to note that Imara has never presented to any of the females, and regularly
turns away from them if they proceed in his direction. Female reproductive strategies are
difficult to evaluate and have many variables (Nadler et al. 1994; Boesch 1997; Wrangham 1997;
Gagneux et al. 1997). Potential research in this field with Chiana may provide clues to female
mating patterns. Additionally, with many chimpanzees in zoos being unrelated, apathy or
empathy towards others within a troop is difficult to prove (Silk 2005).
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Dr. Barry Bogin for his guidance and patience throughout my
undergraduate education. My enthusiasm in primatology and fieldwork began with his belief in
my abilities. This opportunity was provided by the Detroit Zoological Institute, Scott Carter, the
Curator of Mammals at DZI, and Michelle Sheldon, the Associate Curator of Mammals at DZI.
Additionally, I would like to thank Claire Boutain, Richard Boutain, Barbara Boutain, Matthew
Boutain, Elizabeth Patterson, and Mike Patterson for the never-ending support behind my wild
adventures.
Meeting of Minds 2006
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