oxidants and antioxidants in biology - Oxygen Club of California

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The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols in brain aging may involve more than antioxidant activity JAMES A JOSEPH 1 , GEMMA CASADESUS 1 , RACHEL L. GALLI 2 AND BARBARA SHUKITT-HALE 2 1 United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; 2 Department of Psychology, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115 Dietary supplementation (S) with fruit or vegetable extracts high in antioxidants (e.g., blueberry, BB, spinach) can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress (OS) that occurs in aging and these reductions are expressed as improvements in neuronal signaling and behavior. In addition, recent examinations using striatal or hippocampal tissue isolated from BB supplemented aged animals, have shown that striatal slices show reductions in H2O2 - induced decrements in muscarinic receptor sensitivity decrements, while the hippocampal slices show decreases in baseline levels of HSP-70 and increases in HSP-70 responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Moreover, there are also indications that BB supplementation can also reduce the sensitivity to neurotoxic agents (kainic acid) that induce oxidative stress and inflammation. Additional experiments suggest that BB effects also may include enhancement of neuronal signaling. Therefore, it appears that polyphenolic compounds such as those found in BB may exert their beneficial effects by enhancing the endogenous anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuronal signaling capabilities of the organism. However, recent work from our laboratory has indicated that one of the most striking effects of BB supplementation may involve increases in neurogenesis. It is known that factors such as head injury, depression and stress that lead to decreases in neurogenesis are all associated with greater rates of cognitive decline. Conversely, exercise and environmental enrichment can improve both neurogenesis and cognitive function in aging. The results of our latest study has indicated that aged BB-supplemented rats, tested in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) and given injections of BrdU showed that the number of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly higher (p
these findings were correlated with improvements in the RAWM performance such that as the number of proliferated cells increased, the number of memory errors decreased (reference memory errors: r = - 0.654, p< .05, working memory errors: r = -0.646, p< .05, total memory errors: r = -0.587, p=.08). These findings suggest that antioxidant-rich fruits such as BBs may improve cognitive performance in aged animals by increasing proliferation of neural precursor cells in the hippocampus. 39
Page 1 and 2: Oxygen Club of California OXIDANTS
Page 3: CONTENTS KEYNOTE ADDRESS...........
Page 6 and 7: The antioxidant network: From scave
Page 9 and 10: SESSION I REDOX REGULATION OF CELL
Page 11 and 12: Bcl-2 expression to promote mitocho
Page 13 and 14: The zinc-finger domains of kinases
Page 15 and 16: Proinflammatory and proapoptotic ef
Page 17 and 18: Novel functions of the mammalian cy
Page 19: hypothesize that TBP-2 expression i
Page 22 and 23: Characteristics of channel formatio
Page 24 and 25: Mitochondria in nitric oxide-induce
Page 26 and 27: Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase
Page 28 and 29: Mitochondria, proteolysis, calcium,
Page 30 and 31: Mitochondria and signaling lipids i
Page 32 and 33: Mitochondrial regulation of apoptot
Page 34 and 35: NADH-dehydrogenase as a marker of a
Page 36 and 37: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen speci
Page 40 and 41: Cell signaling and apoptosis in agi
Page 42 and 43: Caloric restriction, gene expressio
Page 44 and 45: Conclusions: Our results have provi
Page 46 and 47: Selective mesurement of nitric oxid
Page 48 and 49: Nitric oxide derived oxidants and c
Page 50 and 51: Nitric oxide (NO) mimics hypoxia by
Page 52 and 53: We are currently trying to exploit
Page 54 and 55: Free radicals produced in exhaustiv
Page 56 and 57: Contraction-induced oxidants as med
Page 58 and 59: Exercise and NF B Signaling in Rat
Page 60 and 61: Chlorophyll fluorescence: A reporte
Page 62 and 63: Role of reactive oxygen species, ni
Page 64 and 65: Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and
Page 66 and 67: Action of Vitamin E against Stress
Page 68 and 69: Metabolism of tocopherols and tocot
Page 70 and 71: Vitamin E prevents foam cell format
Page 72 and 73: Tocotrienols: their effect on immun
Page 74 and 75: Cloning of novel human SEC14p-like
Page 76 and 77: or absence of LPS, increased NF-κB
Page 79 and 80: SESSION VIII VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM
Page 81 and 82: Antioxidant role of selenium: Relev
Page 83: Expression of nuclear PHGPx MATILDE
Page 86 and 87: Carotenoid conversion to Vitamin A:
Page 88 and 89:
Noninvasive laser Raman detection o
Page 90 and 91:
Carotenoids and cancer prevention U
Page 92 and 93:
Cytoprotective and cytotoxic effect
Page 94 and 95:
Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins: beyo
Page 96 and 97:
Effect of genistein and daidzein on
Page 98 and 99:
The antiatherogenic and anti-inflam
Page 100 and 101:
Transcription factor switching by c
Page 103 and 104:
POSTERS
Page 105 and 106:
trols. Their plasma levels of liver
Page 107 and 108:
The reduction of Coenzyme Q 9 at th
Page 109 and 110:
Comparison of antioxidant activitie
Page 111 and 112:
Mn was higher in hepatitis B carrie
Page 113 and 114:
Increased superoxide generation is
Page 115 and 116:
Kidney Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide S
Page 117 and 118:
Thapsigargin induced apotosis ocurr
Page 119 and 120:
Amyloid- and H 2 O 2 induced impair
Page 121 and 122:
Vitamin E recommended daily intake
Page 123 and 124:
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates
Page 125 and 126:
Differential zonal distribution of
Page 127 and 128:
In vitro antioxidant profile of pol
Page 129 and 130:
Oncolyn Neutralizes the Oxidative D
Page 131 and 132:
Can insulin have a neuroprotective
Page 133 and 134:
Antioxidant defense of Trypanosoma
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Evidence for a novel neuroprotectiv
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Cell type dependence in NF- B activ
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Signals that activate hepatic exerc
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Induction of vascular endothelial g
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Ascorbic acid decreases uva-induced
Page 145 and 146:
Lowering of NO stores in patients w
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The possible role of NADP + -depend
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the similar kind of influence conce
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Molecular study of the peroxisomal
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Antioxidant activity of polyphenols
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Nitric oxide mediates the up-regula
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Antioxidant enzymes in purified chl
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Dietary supplementation of essentia
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Time-course of rosmarinic acid prod
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Moderate exercise increases lifespa
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Doxorubicin activates nuclear facto
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In vitro antioxidative properties o
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Radical scavenging activity of dihy
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Enzymatic reduction of glutathione
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Biomarker responses in the clam, Sc
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Analysis of Aminochromes by HPLC-Ph
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Applications of flow cytometry in t
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Key role of xanthine oxidase in wea
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Formation of free radicals in the s
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The role of oxidative stress and an
Page 185 and 186:
Progress towards the discovery of t
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Oxidation derived metabolites of -c
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The Uptake of Tocopherols by RAW 26
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Acute phase immune response to exer
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Relationships between antioxidants
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Antioxidant activity in extracts fr
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Lipid oxidation products with high
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Status of antioxidant defense syste
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Oral administration of Crataegus ex
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A Abdelmohsen, K...................
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Gómez, M........................63
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O Obermueller-Jevic, U.............
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Yanshu, Z..........................
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OCC-CÁDIZ FISCAL SOCIETY PRESIDENT
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oxidants and antioxidants in biology - Oxygen Club of California

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