oxidants and antioxidants in biology - Oxygen Club of California

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Free radicals produced in exhaustive exercise as signals in muscle cell function. Role of xanthine oxidase GÓMEZ-CABRERA MC, GARCÍA-DEL-MORAL L, ROYO D, LLORET A, RUS D, BORRÁS C, PEREDA J, SASTRE J, PALLARDÓ FV, VIÑA J Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Valencia. Exercise produces free radicals (1). We found that free radicals are produced only when exercise is exhaustive (2,3). Recently, we postulated that xanthine oxidase is involved in oxidant production in exercise and showed that allopurinol, an inhibitor of this enzyme, prevents damage associated to exhaustion in animals (4). During the Tour of France 2001, we tested the hypothesis that XO is involved in free radical production in exhaustion. We studied the US Postal Cycling Team which includes the winner of the last four Editions of the Tour. We found that the Team Time Trial stage is the one that causes most muscle damage in cyclists and that allopurinol prevents such damage. In another line of work, we have studied the role of reactive oxygen species as signals in muscle cell function. We have found that exercise activates the phosporilation of MAP kinases, particularly ERK1 and ERK2 and p38. Furthermore we have found that exhaustive exercise activates NF-kappaB in muscle. The possible relationship between activation of MAP kinases and of NF-kappaB will be discussed. Allopurinol prevents the activation of cellsignalling pathways associated with exercise. 1.- Davies KJ et al (1982) Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.107(4):1198-205 2.- Sastre J et al (1992) Exhaustive physical exercise causes oxidation of glutathione status in blood: prevention by antioxidant administration. Am J Physiol. 263(5):R992-5. 3.- Vina J et al (1996) Exercise causes blood glutathione oxidation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevention by O2 therapy. J Appl Physiol 81(5):2198-202 4.- Vina J, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Lloret A, Marquez R, Minana JB, Pallardo FV, Sastre J. (2000) Free radicals in exhaustive physical exercise: mechanism of production, and protection by antioxidants.IUBMBLife.50(4-5):271-7. 54
Melatonin and exercise JAVIER GONZÁLEZ GALLEGO Department of Physiology, University of León, Spain Melatonin functions as a direct free radical scavenger and protects cells from damage by acting cooperatively with other antioxidants. Interventions that reduce the generation or the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert beneficial effects in a variety of models of inflammation, shock and different pathologies. A situation that results in increased formation of ROS is exercise, in which oxidative damage is often detected within tissues. During prolonged exercise glucose and free fatty acids are utilized as fuels and it is known that a number of different enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are regulated by the redox state of the cell. Specifically, in muscle glucose transport is the rate-limiting step for carbohydrate metabolism and may be influenced by different ROS and reactive nitrogen species. We have studied effects of melatonin treatment on fuel homeostasis in exercised rats. Treadmill exercise to exhaustion resulted in a significant hypoglycaemia and increased plasma levels of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, together with a significant reduction of glycogen in muscle and liver. Those effects were significantly prevented by melatonin, suggesting a preservation of glycogen stores in exercised animals through changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Administration of the nitric oxide inhibitor L-NAME caused a significant reduction in plasma nitrite and iNOS expression, but liver glycogen and biochemical parameters in blood did not significantly differ from untreated exercised animals, indicating the absence of a direct association between melatonin effects on fuel metabolism and nitric oxide levels. Effects of melatonin during exercise could not only be related to fuel homeostasis but also to their antinflammory properties in part linked to the antioxidants effects of this molecule. Preliminary data obtained in our laboratory suggest that melatonin markedly blocks NFκB activation in exercised muscles, and that this could be related, at least in part, to a significant decrease of oxidative stress. 55
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Oxygen Club of California OXIDANTS
Page 3: CONTENTS KEYNOTE ADDRESS...........
Page 6 and 7: The antioxidant network: From scave
Page 9 and 10: SESSION I REDOX REGULATION OF CELL
Page 11 and 12: Bcl-2 expression to promote mitocho
Page 13 and 14: The zinc-finger domains of kinases
Page 15 and 16: Proinflammatory and proapoptotic ef
Page 17 and 18: Novel functions of the mammalian cy
Page 19: hypothesize that TBP-2 expression i
Page 22 and 23: Characteristics of channel formatio
Page 24 and 25: Mitochondria in nitric oxide-induce
Page 26 and 27: Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase
Page 28 and 29: Mitochondria, proteolysis, calcium,
Page 30 and 31: Mitochondria and signaling lipids i
Page 32 and 33: Mitochondrial regulation of apoptot
Page 34 and 35: NADH-dehydrogenase as a marker of a
Page 36 and 37: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen speci
Page 38 and 39: The beneficial effects of fruit pol
Page 40 and 41: Cell signaling and apoptosis in agi
Page 42 and 43: Caloric restriction, gene expressio
Page 44 and 45: Conclusions: Our results have provi
Page 46 and 47: Selective mesurement of nitric oxid
Page 48 and 49: Nitric oxide derived oxidants and c
Page 50 and 51: Nitric oxide (NO) mimics hypoxia by
Page 52 and 53: We are currently trying to exploit
Page 56 and 57: Contraction-induced oxidants as med
Page 58 and 59: Exercise and NF B Signaling in Rat
Page 60 and 61: Chlorophyll fluorescence: A reporte
Page 62 and 63: Role of reactive oxygen species, ni
Page 64 and 65: Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and
Page 66 and 67: Action of Vitamin E against Stress
Page 68 and 69: Metabolism of tocopherols and tocot
Page 70 and 71: Vitamin E prevents foam cell format
Page 72 and 73: Tocotrienols: their effect on immun
Page 74 and 75: Cloning of novel human SEC14p-like
Page 76 and 77: or absence of LPS, increased NF-κB
Page 79 and 80: SESSION VIII VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM
Page 81 and 82: Antioxidant role of selenium: Relev
Page 83: Expression of nuclear PHGPx MATILDE
Page 86 and 87: Carotenoid conversion to Vitamin A:
Page 88 and 89: Noninvasive laser Raman detection o
Page 90 and 91: Carotenoids and cancer prevention U
Page 92 and 93: Cytoprotective and cytotoxic effect
Page 94 and 95: Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins: beyo
Page 96 and 97: Effect of genistein and daidzein on
Page 98 and 99: The antiatherogenic and anti-inflam
Page 100 and 101: Transcription factor switching by c
Page 103 and 104: POSTERS
Page 105 and 106:
trols. Their plasma levels of liver
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The reduction of Coenzyme Q 9 at th
Page 109 and 110:
Comparison of antioxidant activitie
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Mn was higher in hepatitis B carrie
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Increased superoxide generation is
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Kidney Mitochondrial Nitric Oxide S
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Thapsigargin induced apotosis ocurr
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Amyloid- and H 2 O 2 induced impair
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Vitamin E recommended daily intake
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Ischemic preconditioning attenuates
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Differential zonal distribution of
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In vitro antioxidant profile of pol
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Oncolyn Neutralizes the Oxidative D
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Can insulin have a neuroprotective
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Antioxidant defense of Trypanosoma
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Evidence for a novel neuroprotectiv
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Cell type dependence in NF- B activ
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Signals that activate hepatic exerc
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Induction of vascular endothelial g
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Ascorbic acid decreases uva-induced
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Lowering of NO stores in patients w
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The possible role of NADP + -depend
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the similar kind of influence conce
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Molecular study of the peroxisomal
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Antioxidant activity of polyphenols
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Nitric oxide mediates the up-regula
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Antioxidant enzymes in purified chl
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Dietary supplementation of essentia
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Time-course of rosmarinic acid prod
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Moderate exercise increases lifespa
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Doxorubicin activates nuclear facto
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In vitro antioxidative properties o
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Radical scavenging activity of dihy
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Enzymatic reduction of glutathione
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Biomarker responses in the clam, Sc
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Analysis of Aminochromes by HPLC-Ph
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Applications of flow cytometry in t
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Key role of xanthine oxidase in wea
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Formation of free radicals in the s
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The role of oxidative stress and an
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Progress towards the discovery of t
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Oxidation derived metabolites of -c
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The Uptake of Tocopherols by RAW 26
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Acute phase immune response to exer
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Relationships between antioxidants
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Antioxidant activity in extracts fr
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Lipid oxidation products with high
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Status of antioxidant defense syste
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Oral administration of Crataegus ex
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A Abdelmohsen, K...................
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Gómez, M........................63
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O Obermueller-Jevic, U.............
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Yanshu, Z..........................
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OCC-CÁDIZ FISCAL SOCIETY PRESIDENT
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