PANGANI BASIN WATER BOARD

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n.d. ....................... No Date NEMC ................... National Environmental Management Council NGO ..................... Non-governmental organisation NPF ...................... New Pangani Falls NORAD ................ Norwegian Aid NRM ..................... Natural Resources Management NWSDS................. National Water Sector Development Strategy NYM ..................... Nyumba ya Mungu Dam PA ......................... Protected Areas PBWB .................. Pangani Basin Water Board PBWO .................. Pangani Basin Water Office PRB ...................... Pangani River Basin PRBMP................. Pangani River Basin Management Project RBM ..................... River Basin Management RBMSIIP .............. River Basin Management and Small-scale Irrigation Improvement Project RCE ..................... Regional Centre of Endemism RHO ..................... Regional Hydrological Officer RNRO ................... Regional Natural Resources Officer SA ........................ Situation Analysis SNV....................... Netherlands Development Organization TANAPA ............... Tanzania National Parks TANESCO ............ Tanzania Electric Supply Company TCMP ................... Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership TCZCDP ............... Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme TFAP .................... Tanzania Forestry Action Plan TFCG ................... Tanzania Forest Conservation Group TIP ........................ Traditional Irrigation and Environmental Development Organisation TPC ...................... Tanzania Planting Company UNICEF ................ United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNDP ................... United Nations Development Program USAID .................. United States Agency for International Development VNRC ................... Village Natural Resource Committee VWN ..................... Vision for Water and Nature WANI .................... Water and Nature Initiative WDM .................... Water Demand Management WHO .................... World Health Organization WRMA .................. Water Resources Management Authority (Kenya) WRM Act .............. Water Resources Management Act WUA ..................... Water Users’ Association vi
Preface The objectives of the first edition of the Pangani Situation Analysis included identifying the resources that occupy the Pangani River Basin (PRB) and the processes and events that affect them, and identifying a series of broad action areas wherein interventions may feasibly be delivered. The final objective was to identify other organisations, interests or institutions with which IUCN may develop partnerships as it seeks to develop the Water and Nature initiative (WANI) initiative in the PRB. The IUCN Water and Nature Initiative (WANI) is an ongoing collaborative effort to address the world’s water crisis. WANI builds on the Water and Nature Vision and Framework for Action and is a response to the call for action expressed before, during and after the 2 nd World Water Forum in The Hague (March 2000).The goal of WANI is to mainstream the ecosystem approach into river basin policies, planning and management. In selected demonstration site basins around the world, WANI strives to: demonstrate ecosystem management, empower people to participate in sustainable water management, support wise governance of water resources and wetlands, develop and apply economic tools and incentives, improve knowledge to support decision making and learn lessons and raise awareness about wise water use. Following consultations with stakeholders in the basin and culminating in a workshop hosted by Pangani Basin Water Office (PBWO) and IUCN – The International Union for Conservation of Nature in Moshi, Tanzania from 8-10 May 2002, the Pangani River Basin in Tanzania and Kenya was selected as a WANI demonstration site. As part of its project development activities for the Pangani River Basin, IUCN commissioned a consultant, Dr. Kim Geheb, to develop a Situation Analysis of this basin. The fieldwork for the Situation Analysis was carried out in November 2002, and involved interviews with a wide variety of stakeholders within the basin. Additional sources of information included published sources and the proceedings of the abovementioned workshop, entitled, ‘The Pangani River Basin: Options for Integrated Management.’ A first draft of the Situation Analysis was completed in late 2002 and distributed to stakeholders for review and comment. At a workshop hosted by PBWO and IUCN in Moshi in March, 2003, stakeholders gathered to comment on the Situation Analysis and suggest amendments. Additional comments and contributions have subsequently been received from both the PBWO and the Coastal Development Authority (CDA - Kenya) at a meeting held in Nairobi in May 2003 between IUCN, PBWO and CDA. In 2009, a reprint of the Situation Analysis was needed so it was decided to take this opportunity to update some of the information in light of the operation of the Water Resource Management Act in July 2009. It should be noted that mainly information pertaining to the administrative structure, institutional arrangements, water law and policy has been addressed, as well as the impact of the Situation Analysis in developing the Pangani River Basin Management Project, but the remainder of the Situation Analysis has not been changed. Funding for the update and printing of this situation analysis comes from the Global Water Initiative which is supported by the Howard G. Buffett Foundation. Felix Peter, Helen Lema, Fatuma Omar and Renalda Mukaja of the River Basin Management Project in the Ministry of Water & Livestock Development of Tanzania kindly provided the maps and area estimates in this document. vii
Page 1 and 2: IUCN WATER AND NATURE INITIATIVE IU
Page 3 and 4: Pangani Basin: A Situation Analysis
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7: Abbreviations ANR .................
Page 11 and 12: • Conflicts of scale: the relatio
Page 13 and 14: • Livestock increases: these are
Page 15 and 16: A Introduction to the Pangani River
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2: The Pangani River Basin s
Page 19 and 20: A.2 Integrated River Basin Manageme
Page 21 and 22: WANI helps to catalyse change, by i
Page 23 and 24: B The Pangani River Basin’s natur
Page 25 and 26: and in furniture construction. In r
Page 27 and 28: Conservation threats and status On
Page 29 and 30: B.3 Water and wetlands The Pangani
Page 31 and 32: The PRB is thought to have about 90
Page 33 and 34: wake lava flows, cinder fields and
Page 35 and 36: Box 9: Category 1 Globally threaten
Page 37 and 38: • The Basin’s biodiversity is a
Page 39 and 40: Table 4: Tanzanian and Kenyan socio
Page 41 and 42: Further to the south, farming inten
Page 43 and 44: Box 11: Sodicity and salinity Sodic
Page 45 and 46: Non-governmental organisations PAMO
Page 47 and 48: Plate 1: The Pangani River Basin (S
Page 49 and 50: Plate 3: Kilimanjaro’s famous sno
Page 51 and 52: Plate 6: An irrigation furrow in Mo
Page 53 and 54: Conflict within the Pangani River B
Page 55 and 56: felling started and outsiders, perc
Page 57 and 58: These rules emphasise social equity
Page 59 and 60:
D Natural Resource Management in th
Page 61 and 62:
Table 6: Water rights (WR) in the P
Page 63 and 64:
In this respect, Kenya’s Water Po
Page 65 and 66:
their resources. However, instituti
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Box 14: An example of a Water Users
Page 69 and 70:
From the above discussion, the foll
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In the Basin’s lowland areas, it
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these types of systems may actually
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• An additional administrative de
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that large(er)-scale interests are
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• PAMOJA’s expertise lies in th
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Geological Survey, 1960. Summary of
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Musyoki, M. M. and Mwandotto, B. A.
Page 85 and 86:
W.C.M.C. (World Conservation Monito
Page 87 and 88:
Interview sources for Appendix 1 Ar
Page 89 and 90:
Natural Resources Protected Areas T
Page 91 and 92:
Data collection network • Msangaz
Page 93 and 94:
Land The main land use in the catch
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 4: The Administrative Pangan
Page 97:
Coast Development Authority IUCN -
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PANGANI BASIN WATER BOARD

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