Caledon Conservation Area Booklet September 2003

- - = Caledon 

Conservation Area

This booklet was compiled by the 

Planning Service, County Hall, Omagh 

Text and photographs: Malcolm Lake, Conservation Officer 

Research: Philip Smith and Malcolm Lake 

Cover painting and illustrations: Tim Webster 

Design and Layout: DRD Graphic Design Unit

Caledon 

Conservation Area

FRONTISPIECE 

Pleasantly situnted close to the Riw Blackwater in fertile rolling counfryside, Cdedon is one ofthe most pleasing villages in Northm Ireland, neat and attractive in 

appearance, with fine mature trees on its outskirfs. In essence, the village is late Gemgfun, many of its buildings dating the 1820s and JOs, but its origins as a 

settleme& cm k traced to late medid times.

I. Introduction 

11. Townscape Character Assessment 

In. 

Designation Map of Caledon Conservation Area 

W. Issues and Opportunities 

- 

V. Design Guidance 

Appendices 

Financial and Other Assistance 

ii. 

iii. 

iv. 

Listed Buildings 

Glossary of Technical Terms 

Bibliography and Further Reading 

Acknowledgements

Caledon is located approximatelymeteen kilometm south of 

Dungannon-on2the A28 Aughad~ 

to drmaghRoad, fouft'enMloIjletm 

west of Armagh city. 

The villagehas retainedmuch of its origid towmcapechatacter and 

may ofits 1W & lPcentury buildings, a 1,argenumber of which are 

listed as being ofspedal architgchml and hIstarlc merit. 

In rec~~gxdtlon of-thishaitage, a amerpa~on Atea was designated in the 

viUage on 24 Map 19M, 

Fobwing an mSsment of thehis- fab& of the sageand the 

advice set out in .alemistingConsemationArea -Met, the m a t 

has &&mined that the bwndq of the &ttng deslgaated area should 

be extended and the design@dance updated*Dungamon and %uth 

lpne mm'ughC o w the Historl:c$.CdlW~ C J Z pvernment 

* 

agadesand Ioaladeats havehem cmsdtedas part ofthssprms. 

Viewpd %m fhe east the village sits at the top of the escarpment. 

provide @dance 01sg@ designpractice for development within 

the ComemationAcw and 

mulate Zocalinterest and awareness in thevalue and ~ ~ c e 

of comma~laand mcmmge support foxwnsavatipnm e q . 

area des'ition fnmducescontrol uver the demolition of 

Ustd in conservation am(Mde51,Phmbg (M$Order 

1991)7Anjdne wMiq to demolish a buiIdbg m apply far 

Ucomematiun=a consent"and it is a aimid.offemxto anyout mcb 

work withmt ,mapproval. 

misedpubWon mpeseds the exbting Consemation Area 

3tmHet published in 1914. 

Needle spire, h i d reservoir and grassed slopes. 

-

The character and identityof Oledon is a 

bctilon of the t.lehtlomhlpbetween its 

physical' environmentaland Land use 

chamctdstics and its setting 3a the s wmmdhg 

1an-pe. 

Townscape Character Assessment see& to 

MgHight the key elementsthat make up local 

kdemtiv and has hformed the hues and 

opportunities (Wsection W) that s M dbe 

addressed to consme md enhance the bal 

heritage. The assessment will be a material 

camiderati'on Inthe detamhatLon of 

applicationsfa planningpermission and 

conservationarea consent and for appealsinto 

the refusal of planning pmission. 

Galedon's unique character stems specifically 

from ?heinterplay of the village's: 

settins, comprisingtopography,lm-p, 

skyline, landmarks and key approaches; 

historic background, camprMng origins and 

historid d@veIogm.entand 

morphology. Thfs mmpb 

- urbanstructure, made up of the street 

pattkm, Wdlng enclosure, urban spaces, 

important views andvistas; 

- p~bli~ S-, CO&- of streets,txees 

and openspace; 

- W-, made up of individual 

buildings, grdups of ~~, 

lacal building traditions, mat4 

and 

colour and 

- cimrlalion patterns, c~xlprlsjng~ehidar 

and pedestrianflawsand Wges and 

thefr impact on the physical environment 

and the qualityaf life of residents and 

visitors. 

Setting, topographical and built 

form 

CaIedon is situated on the edge of the valley of 

the River Blackwater where Counties Tyrone and 

Armagh meet. Viewed from CountyArmagh, 

the village sits at the top of the Blackwater's 

western escarpment, 

To the north east, the landform climbs up 

Church Hill, to be aowned by a functional, 

cuboid, concrete 20tbcentury service reservoir, 

In contrast, the crenellated tower and graceful, 

needle spire of St John'sChurch of Ireland 

church protrude above the hilltop. The hill's 

steep, bare and grassedsouthern slopes, as well 

as the land extending to the east, fall down 

towards the river. To the south east, from the 

modem road bridge, the land rises up above the 

river's flood plain, the road travelling uphill 

northwardstowards the village. 

The northem and western sides of the viliage are 

faly led, overall. Indeal, to €he northem side 

of the western approach road, the land is 

reclaimed. Thjs sitenow hasthe appearance Q£ 

apen grassland, with asingle line of poplarm, 

but ~themiwwithout sipiffcant woody 

vegetatiun. 

Except for detach& dvic and wmmanity 

bulldin@,the village's built f mis of atmost 

unbroken 2stow terraces, built of stone and 

liningthe streets, witb the building line at the 

back edge ofthe footpath.

The settlement of Caledon started 

Iie in late medieval times. Then,it 

was known as Kinatd (orKinafrd), 

meaning 'high head' or 'topof the 

hill'. 

"The Annals of the Four Masters" 

records a settlement at Kinard, 

during the 150s. This probably 

amounted to a small collection of 

timber and thatched dwellings, 

close to the castle, possibly on the 

site of the present village. In 1514, 

this small settlement appears to 

have been 'put to the torch' and, In 

1531, the castle itself was largely 

dismantled during a siege. A later 

map (by SirJosiasBodley and 

dating from c.1609) indicates that 

the settlement also pssessed a 

church. 

In 1614, as part of rhe Plantation of 

Ulster, the 'Manor of Kinnard was 

granted "to Catherine Ny Neale, (sic), 

w'fi of the late T ~ Cor TirIagh P Oge 

Oweale and now wife of ROM 

Hmden, gent.# A litany of 

townland names follows... The 

Grant concludeswith reference to 

its being for Catherhe's life and 

passing to "...Felimy Roe O'Neale, 

her son and his heirs forever ...the 

whlepremises are created into the 

Manor of Kinard, with 500 a m ir~ 

demesne..."Philip Robinson records 

that Catherhe's grant amounted to 

2,620 a m in the baronies of 

Dungannon and 'ITrannywhich 

extended into county Armagh. By 

1618119 and the time of the report 

of Captain Nicholas Pynnar on the 

progress of the Plantation, for 

Caledon nothing is recorded. This 

may have been an oversighton 

Pynaax's part or-because it was 

occupiedby nativepnms rather 

thanpianted with English, Welsh or 

Scots Undertakm-perhaps it did 

not interest him... 

Following the 1641Rebellion and 

the Restoration, after a long time 

with no owner, by letters patentdated 

2P February and lSmJuly 

16Gthe encumberedKinard 

Estate of Su Phelirn OtNeill, 

executed in Dubltn in 1653 for his 

leading role in the RebellionIwas 

granted to Captain William 

Hamilton, "furhis sw'ces to the 

Royalist came, during the Civil W&. 

It may we11be that Hamilton 

named thie estate "Caldon",after 

his native Scotland, (which the 

Romans had named Caledonia), it 

could be a corruption of the word 

'Culligan', a townland within the 

demesne, or--according to an old 

Church of Ireland direct0ry for the 

Armagh Diocese-it could mean 

'Fort in the marshy meadow"... 

There Is little mrce material 

concerning Caledon during this 

period. The village is indicated on 

Herman Moll's 1714 map of 

Ireland, howewr, in which it is 

marked (as 'Kimzardat Csllidmt, 

the village adjoining the estate) 

aIong the road from Monaghan to 

Dungannon, suggesting that the 

axis of the village was north-south 

at that time, as it is now. 

Herman Moll map, 1714.

The next map-a relativelylargescale on& an 

emte map, by 'WBud, dating from 1813. It 

Is more Mmmative than previous maps: it 

shows the village laid out, with plots numbered 

1-45 and let, with the names of the Lessees set 

out h an adjoiningschedule. The dmment 

mbe described as a 'ca&tW map. It aim 

shows the ekvatims of the buildings as if they 

had fallen, complete, into the plots Of intemt, 

moving from l2 orcldc,clackwise, are: 

1. the Voad toOrran-I' (apmmd dwalmute) 

which exisisand lsorns by the nor&-- 

2. the *Mill HamT and %W,now noWppemd, 

whidluetothenortheastaadopplte; 

- Taybrand SWmreJs mup, 1777 

The first appmmce of medon, or 'Callidon',in 

reqnbible map form' is h Tayior and Skhiers' 

he&y (with eccentric odentation), dadng 

from 1777. The map depicts a 'T' road junction: 

Church Hiit WCastlehne running-- 

west and Main StmWllyleagh Road ntnning 

north-south. Buildiqp appon both axes, 

rnor~c-1essas today. It is dated just after the 

aquhition of the estate by JamesAlexander and 

a large house b depicted, annotated *Alewz& 

Esq.",within the demesne. This tnay repmmt 

the new house (thennot yet bullt) to k 

ddped by Thomas Csoley and 

erected in 1779. Various detached hwses are 

dotted aroundthe map, Mudhgone sited 

immediatelyto the south of the viIlage, between 

the road to Armagh aud the Rlwr Blackwater. 

This would place it wiwIthin the roughly trhqh 

area, between the present south end of Caldon 

and the crossing on the river (see "Hamilton- 

Orrery buse". 

.- 

Btarter*&&& Map, 1813, r~fD2433/A/l3/7/1 

I I*.. 

S. the "Raadto AnnagW, which led to tbe rimcrosstng; 

the "Road to Glashgh", now an unmnde rad WW 

lads toaderelldgatelodgeoftk estatebut whkh 

formedy wmt through the dmmne, before the Ead of 

OmqIinthewrryof 1@centurynoblepMkge~was 

abletohave1tdwedtothepubli~; 

7. theplot~fOrtheCwrth~l~em(n0tbulltuntil 

l= but repmen* dthwgh not acamteky]; 

& the empty plot 23,later to bseomc 'Derrycourtney Road', 

themnIabut~tws~rwat£mmA~lnta 

the village and finally 

9. Castle h e ,then the main route into the llillagefrom 

Aa==loy. 

The fhst Ordnance Survey map (of1834) shows 

new roads Mthe north, to Minterburnand 

Duvon and the maycourtney Road,to 

Aughnacloy. The roads were bat between the 

dates of the 1813 Barns estate map and the 1834 

Ordnancemap. Also of note is the 'village 

poundl-where &trained gads and m y cattle 

were hnptnmd& whlch fronts and is reached 

by the 'Road to Carranteel'. It is possible that 

Plantation @dons-& pound, the scho01d 

the tan supimpasd on the pm 

existhg village and concentratedon or about

0 

northernpart of themW* redwelopdin 

the 1960s and '70s. The houses that were 

demolished had a notably narrower frontage 

than the presently dsthg 19* cenehouses 

in Main Street. This suggests that Du Pre 

AIexandefs 19" cea-turp.new village was, in fact, 

a rdkvelpmentof earlie buWqs that had 

existed in Main Street. 

In summary, Caledon has a long historystretching 

back into latemedieval tfmesunusual 

for a Mhge h Ireland. Mat of its 

present incarnation #as Wt by DerPre 

Alexander, the second Earl, pmbabIy during the 

third decade of the 19& catuy hut, after a 

thorough -h, the little information found 

suggests that the second Em1 was nut su££icieatIy 

emmuwed af his creation to record much, if 

anything abut It. 

RedeveIopmmt was Wed-out, by the Houshqg 

Executive, in the 1960s and '74s1Including 

Xilgowney Close, W e Drive, Castle ViewI 

lCtaaird P&, Patk View and 27-32 Main Street* 

18340s Map,. MPD/6/B the stonefad, terrace-of-five,south of Estate 

the east-west ds, between the Castle and the Terrace. It is regrettable that ideas of 

ChuxchI(inPlantation plambg, Gste and 'wnsmtion'wax not more to the fore, at that 

Churcharchetypidly m at the outer ends of timdtha exhtinghomes would have beea 

the main axis). repaired and £it, or the style of the 

redevelopmentwould have been more in 

The 1907Ordnance Survey map depicts the 

keeping with the oIdex how. (This with the 

w e with the tracksofthe Clogher Valley 

notable excepdon of 27-32 Main m,which 

Wway in Main Stre&/Derycourtney Road and 

fit-hwell with WrIc Caledan). 

individwI houses demarcated. Much of the 

1907 OS Map ref8/65/1, 

Efforts &now being made to refnoigofate the 

village, h 1994,JlmgmnonDistrict Council 

prepared a proposal for the regeneration of the 

vhge. The CEtledon Regeneration Parhership 

was establishedbcarry this development 

forward. The Partnershiphas prepared a 

Comprehensive Development Plan, Set in rhe 

context of the Blackwater Catchment R d

Dwelopment Strategy, whichwill promote 

Caldon into the 21nCentury as a tourism 

cenuevia appprfate regeneration of its hilt 

heritage, drawing on a range offunding swrces, 

As part uf W overall Mtiative, a pp~oped 

CRISP1 scheme wiU target prominent derelict 

Usted buildings-the AIexander AM=, the 

Courthouse and Caledon Hoteldombing 

private, public sector and community funds, to 

provide a unique tourism experience. 

CommuuityRegeneration fmplovements Spedal 

Rogamme, managed by the Deparhnent of Social 

Development 

I 

CaledonHOUSE,built 

1779 to ta 

by Thnna 

Cole)! Extensions (domed pavilions and colonnrrde 

PWI b~ J h N W. 

CsledonHome, t-xW by JohnNash and 

Duff (who mfred it Foph2 to 3 sbys). 

I 

It is only fiom the period of the tenure ofthe 

Earh of Orrery that the earlbst documentation 

concerningthe village of Caledon dates. Thh 

incldes a copy of a thick volume entitled 

*~ans~~ons relating to the Caledbn Estate since 

thegrant thereof to WlimHamilmn Esq. by mg 

CharlesP".It contains a summary of leases, 

dating fram the Iate 1730s onwards, giving 

occasional glimpses of the developmentof the 

settlement. 

Oae, dam horn May 1737, concerns gmmd 

Vying OH ye rightand left uf ye t.oad lm&g to 

Cal& mill, and twoparks on &e mad leadirg 

rnlpnasb', required 1esseeJabnmgle to 

build "six&veiling homes, each 3Sjt long,ZOft 

wfde and 1Ofth&W1. 

Another, af A V 1750, refersto a bleach green 

"onye right hand ofthe mad Wrtg 

Cakdm 

fo CWmBdd&e". The lessee was required to 

"...bleachm webb oflitmen cl& yedrly for ye Earl 

of Ormy and to bleach ah linm cloth fbr the 

tenanis ofthe Ckledm EsW at as wmmlabIe a 

p& as can be done elsewhere..." 

A further lease of c.1746 lnfom that the 

Eor~erof the present Mill S W t was laid-out 

aound this time from land that previously 

comprised the glebe garden. Other documents 

include a rent roU of 1772wMc4,lists47 

hdividualtenements and leases of 1773-76, 

several of which meation "premise$in [thejstreet 

of Caledon" and upmisason [the] east side of 

[the] street ofCaledonJJ.

Approaches to Main Street 

North 

The roadshmDungannonand *an fahto become Main S- To 

the west, classicaIly&taiM former cottnge fa- (fronthgmore 

resen~ydwekpdlack-upgarages) adjoin tall Lime trpw which face 

towards the Arts and Crafts-stytefomex National Wool (l),This, in 

tum,isattbebo#omofastep, scrub-cweredm. Pastagroupof 

mtly deaeEoped semidetach& houses, which face east up a sloping, 

30 yasdd, gqmd slum clearance site, is the rear of the Corner Bar 

(20). At the junction with ChurchHill is the med 

corner of a derelict, 

rendered terrace flanked by a Horse Chestnut tree. The tree grows out of 

a circular, raised, stone-walllplmta--abouta metre Mgh and 6 metres in 

diameter. It is sited asymmetridy at the mouth of Church Hill, where it 

meets Main Street, slightly khhd the projected kerb line of the latter 

and its crown spread extends outwards into the principal street. Along 

Main Street, the length of the terrace faces onto a 1960spublic sector 

terrace of houses, set back behind long foregardens. 

Classicallydetailed cottage facades .. .

l 

1 

the incumbent of 

Caledon. He visited in 

'69, preached at the 

criurch and stayed at 

Con&rea~'srectory, 

located on the opposite 

side of the Dungannon 

Road from the church. 

%Q years later, on 23"' 

June,"...alittle Society 

had lately formed, much 

alive to God..." On this 

occasionthe church was 

not available to him as a 

difference had arisen 

between Wesley and 

Congreave. He came a 

third time in 1785,by 

j 

which time he had uk 

of a 'preachmghouse'. 

The o&inal Elm, photographed pe-1887 

In Mand, frequently 

At the bottom of Church Hill, at its junction assdated with this 'preacher-under-a--a'were 

with Main Street, grows a Horse Chestnut Sweet Chestnut trees (Sweet Chestnut is a nonnative, 

European tree introduced into Britain by 

W. It is in a planter, formed by a low, 

circular stone wall and it started life in the the Romans). 

1920s. It replaced a tree that grew there since 

the 18a century. 

There is, however,a reference to "...an Elm felled 

in 1923" having been "plantedby on@,Lord 

An old photograph,taken in winter, depicts Orrety." An article in the 'Armagh Guardian', in 

the earlier tree with the structure of its branch March 1847, notes that *...o~ettdwswere placed 

and twig tracery having the appearance of an in stocks, at the base of the tree..." 

Elm or a Sweet Chestnut. 

It is reputed that, onasecond visit to the 

area, JohnWesley-the founder of 

Methodism-stood beneaththe tree and 

preached to an assemblage of local people. 

Wesley was a Mend of Canon Congreave, then 

Before it was felled, the tree played a part in the 

successful formation of a branch of the Irish 

Transport and G end Workers' Union, which 

led to a damaghg strike h 1919;it may well 

have led to the eventualdemise of the Woollen 

Mill in the village... Willie O'Hare, a carpenter 

in the Monaghan Asylum Invited Peadar 

O'DonnelI--an organiserwith the [TGWUto 

speak to workers in Caledon. The WooUen 

Mill was not union-organisedand wages were 

low. In Caledon, no haIl being available to 

the Union,O'Donnell U ...with the light of 

biqcIe lights only...addressed his first meeting 

from the raised s umd of a tree." 

According to O'Donnell's biographyr". . .rlw 

meeting was a resoundingsuccess, with M a 

hundred mnavbers signed up on the spot." In 

fact, following the introduction of the Union, 

from ". .ady receiving 18s per week with 1s 66 

bonus...an increase of 14s was given.* 

Mr Bertie Lawson--school crossing warden to 

the village, until recently serving fn this very 

location-fernembers the present Harse 

Chestnut being planted, over 75 years ago. 

I 

Recent, similar view of fhe replacement Horse 

Chestnut. 

t

On tkwlrfhm 

approach, ta toe 

east the 

ConsmationArea 

I 

Mmmial tol%.& ~lexander. 

The beglnnrng ofthe Conservation 

Area, to the east, is defined by the 

southern boundary of a laneway 

leading from the KLllyleagh Road 

I 

to the brldge that fonnerIy crossed 

the now filled-in headrace to the 

mill. Presently, the bridge sits 

South The mte is alongsh the demesne wall 

Isolated in a field, part of the 

floodplain of the river. West of the 

road is a stand of mature trees, 

mainly Beech, planted h triangle 

plan-form and enclosed by the 

wall. Across the road are the twin, 

The Killyleagh Road from Armagh msses the modern Blackwater Bridge Tudorbethan gabled elevationsand 

and passes the gate lodges and entrance screen of Caledon Castle. The chimneys of Kinard House (U), 

site of the memodal to Du Pre Alexander, with its avenue of Chilean which face south to met the 

Pines, adjoins. The mute conthuesalongside the demesne wall and is of traveller. At this point, Main Street 

-a moderate slope. The east bank of the Blackwater and County Armagh is is the start of a noticeable plateau, 

parallel and visible. on which the village is built. 

Bd&e isokted in field.

East 

Approacfirng from Church Hill, the first part of the road is level. To the village and equally as tall, in 

south, before St John's church, the Fair Green rises up towards the service baditiond fashion follows the 

reservoir. An unsurfaced laneway of recent construction accesses the slope of the road, crossing the 

reservoir, between the Fair Green and the churchyard wall. 

contours down the hill. It is 

backed by 8 mature Lime trees, 

which lean over the pavement and 

The field opposite, fronted by a road. The farmer Wesleyan, hallthorn 

hedgebank]has a wedge church (4), with its pediment 

Ishape, defined to the rear by a supported on widely spaced brick- sum~ngcow. 

smooth-renderedwall of distinct, size stone den*, is against the 

curving plan. Closer in, the hedge churchyardretaining wall and 

bank becomes a low stone wall. faces slightly uphill towards the 

Next to this is the Gothic-style sole-smving cottage (probably 

ChurchHilI Primary School (2), the oldest occupied house in 

fronted by a low stonewall topped 

To the sou#t the Fair Hill rises towards 

Caledon), left holated from slum 

the service reservoir. by decorative railings of recent clearanceof 3 decades ago. 

origin. Around the school's rear 

hedged boundary, in a single line Looking down the hill, the vista is 

and planted sentinel-like, is a diminishedas a consequence of 

WesleyanHalf Church and traditional 

number of Scots Pine. cleared sites on both sides of the ckkyCIrdwall 

road, particularly to the north. 

&hind the pavement opposite, The viewer's attention is focussed 

the smooth-~enderdmasonry and on the Horse Chestnut tree. 

WOW~~ iron entrance screen and Beyond it, is the gable of 'the 

, gates to the Church axe of Corner Bar' on the other side of 

I impressive (2 m&re high) the junetion with Main Street. 

' 

dimensions. The enclosing 

churchyard wall, closer in to the 

1 

Dlmwished wta us a consequence of 

cleared sites.

west 

Derrycourtney Road skirts the reclaimed Dromorragh Lough and has an 

avenue of Sycamore trees, evenly spaced, on both sides. It comprises an 

835 metre long,winding avenue, offering changiug views of the rear of the 

change from Sycamore, to Llme. Within the ConsemationArea and 

beyond the trees,the stone walls enclose the street and the traveller Is met 

by the wet facing buildings on the far side of Main Street. 

Until the early .19* century, Castle Lane was the main road leading Into 

the village from Aughnacloy. It starts at the bqhdngof the Sycamore 

avenue on Derrycourmey Road. The Lam undulates and passes Cranogue 

House (theapproximate site of the cleared Oweill del 

and further-h, 

I 

I 

On top of the hill, St John5 towers owr. 

the Presbyterian Church. Aher 

going though an area of housing 

redevelopment, the Corner Bar 

marks the edge of the Conservation 

Area. To the east, across Main 

Street, is the grassed clearance site 

climbing steeply up Church HU. 

TheHorse Chestnut tree adjoins 

the second, smallerclearance site 

on the southern side of the road. 

In turn, it is adjoined by the 

dilapidated, rendered terrace 

hnting Main Street. The longforegardened 

Housing Executive 

houses opposite complete the crossroads. 

On top of Church Hill, St 

- 

John's towers over.

---U- 

* 

I McGawle wrote: "Wlsen I r dmd to Caledwt...l was told tht it (the site of the 

HamlltonlOrreryhouse) h ih in the foohll W,mm thc tomt...frrst as 

mO'Connor had rderrrtbrd ft...We war d e d by the dlsrovery ofa &dyd@n@d 

housep m in lhe *ht meI tm&r th@hedge and clw to hd." 

A platform indeed dsts-at the south end ofthe v&llage,not far fcom Ward 

Hwse--at the end of Bank Terrace. In the 1907 OS map, it appean as a 

mtangle. This is confirmed (16'" February 2000) by MchaeI McGarvle as being 

the platform that he had identified. h tenus of size, the platform has a s h i h 

fooqprnt to 3ank Terrace. 

I 

To an extent it compk with O'Connor's 1794 description as king 'htfse 

suburbs of Cddm' and 'ina Mid,(at its northeast corner, the platform is 'dugin' 

to the topgraphy). 

O'Connor also describes its king "on the banks of the WwIc Inhct, the 

platform 0ver100ks the floodplainof the Riwr Blackwarnand there is not a 

stream In sight. 

Theloafionof the house, built by WilIlam Hamilton who, following the 1641 

ReMon was granted the estate forfeited by P h h O'Neill, untilrecent times 

has been something of a mystery. It would have dated from the late 1660s. Its 

-on comes from the pen of the Ear1 of wry himd. ?n 

compondence,he & dkd it as: *. ..dd, low and though of-, not very 

lqe..." Was the house on the site of the 1779 classial mansion which Thomas 

Wley designedfor the Nabob, James Alexander-that wdd have remowdthe 

evidence altogether4rwas it somewhere else? 

The Infomationhascome from research in two recent publications, "Los 

Dememes" arad "Home Is House and Gardeo". 

The Irish traveller, O'Comor visited Caledon in 1794. In his laumal he 

dewibedthe locatlonof the ruins of the Hamilton house: "Adpiningto thcR d 

in thesuburb of Cal& is bhe rrrinp ofthe Dwelling House of the Eml of- in a 

hollow on the banks ofthe RMet not far fmm the house of Lord Caleudon..." 

I 

, Following fromO'Cmmr's journal, there is a further reference to the house in 

the publication YHome is House and Garden". Mchael McGarvie describes 

locating a site, in 1977, in company with Mn Armitage, wife of the librarian at 

Caledon Castle and Lady Caledon, mother of the present Earl. 

Thirtyyeas after O'Connor's visit, in 1823 Du Pre Alexander, the 2* EarI, Wt a 

S storey mill and thts was fed by a mlll race from a weir built upstream, at the 

floodplain's southem end. Before this and the buIIdlng of the weir, It ispsi* 

that-in particular flow condibion+the flood plain could have comprised a 

braided river channel. O'Comor's description of 'theR i W could be explained 

by one of these br& being near the line of the future &amI at the foot of the 

bank on which the house stood. 

On the position of the h-Mthout the wall of the esta-the demesne wall 

wasn't built until the 19" century. While, as '-or of Highways for Caledon 

Manof', in 1739 the Earl of Orrery was ableto have the mud to Glasloygh (which 

led through the demesne) dosed, the main road to Armagh mddn'tbe diverted. 

Further confirmationof thesepaten- of the house from the demesne is 

found in a letter of 1747, to Lady Wbeth Spelman. Omry writa of spending 

most of the the in the summer 'ata Id& in the pa&, about a-mile+ddtalf 

from the hause.' 

In earlier m&,Kinard villqe must haw been wen as a part of the demesne. 

Indeed, although Kinard Castle was the main hwe of the Plantation Grant of 

1614, Its site was on the far slde of the v l L l w /Wkraway from the 

presently deRneddemesnethan the HamiltonIOrreryhouse.

The eatrep-- of aedm 

c0rlsemationh,Main Street 

comprhes a relatively wide (18-5 

to 1gh5 between bulkbgs) 

&l v@u&y 1- madway. It is 

orientednorth-north-westisodmuth-east 

and b Bmd by 2stow, 

slate-mfed terraced hauses built 

of limestonerubble. A few of the 

Road,areof sandstone built to 

Both single unit and fripartite sliding sash windows. 

The buildingsare Sted mostly at 

tbe backedge of the pavement. 

wfndows are multi-panled sltdlng 

sash, both single-unitand 

Wptite* Some buildings have 

sandstone 

quoins and 

~lsandjambstofbe~gs.I 

hucrw uyur - AJ -sr. mum wtxt 

The materials, the uniformitv of 

detail and style, togetha with tl~e 

single perid ofconshuctio~,@W' 

these od@d buikbgsa 

remadable m of appearance. 

I

Courthouse/Inn pup. 

...to t?tesoh, the vista is closed by tall Beech... 

Early maps show Main Street entfrelydose-hontedby buUdhgs. The 

only exceptionwas the Courthouse/Inngroup (14-16)at the southern 

end of the street, where the buildings are set back approxhately 5.5 

metres from the kerb line. Sometime before 1887,the buildings to the 

front of fhe former Market House (8) were cleared away to reveal it and 

the Prendce Memorial (7) to its forecourt. 

Although seemingly Iwel throughout its length, h fact Main Street rises 

slightly towards the middle, The highest point almost coincides with Its 

lunction with Mill Street. As a typical, straight, Lrish village street-part 

of a longer road continuum-travelhq from the ends of the street 

towards the highest point, the space leaks away. Viewed from just before 

the highest point, however, the vista becomes closed by trees h both 

directions:to the north by distant Enagh Wood and to the south,by the 

group of tall Beech on the edge of the village. 

Prefftfce Memorial, Markef Yard - 

formerly mn&d by buildings.

Caledon Mtll was built in 1823-byJames Du PreAlexander, the 

second Ear1 of Caledon and the vU@s bdder-to grind floar. It was 

leased to flo~ers, 

MessrsJamesMcGIow and Company. The 

milling was carried on for some 56 years and this it diht a reputed 

profit of EZ#,00;0 ayear-until1879, when it closed down. 

MillCviewd@M the south. 

.. - 

Themassive, six-storeymill-like the ather buildings 

fn the mge, bdt of squared rubble limestone (inthis 

case with brick meals to door and window openings) 

and with a skted roof-& been referred to as coverlrrg 

an area of 5 acres. It reputedly cost E47,OOO when bu4 

ia1823. Itstocd~nthe£loodphinofthe~ 

Blackwater and fronted and was at the foot of the 

south side of Mlll Street, Opposfte the still extant 'Mill 

Sheet Terrace'. All that now mains is the derelict 

engine house, moccupiedby an early, statibnarp 

beam engine. The engine dates from the 183hand 

provided power (qeddly when the river was low) to 

supplement 2waterwheds-mdmhot and breast- 

respectiveIy 20 and 30£& in diameter. Later, h the 

late 19th ox early 20th century, the waterwheels were 

replaced by a rnore&&ient water turbine. 

Thebuflding reopend as a mnen mill In 1882,under the 

proplietorshipof Messrs Sherrard Smith & Company,later to k m e a 

pubUc limited company, trading as 'Caledon WooIlen Mills Ltdt. The 

entrepreneurs had accumulated20 'pearsexgerlence of woollen and 

worsted manufacture at the Shannon andBumbrook WooUen Wls, in 

Athlone. In Calebn, thm were 40 looms. The firm wholded its 

gods "...inth~Unlted Kingdom, the European Continent, the United 

States and the CoIonies..."-tweeds, M-, sagesI blankets, flannels, 

coatings, costume cloths, (lad=' dress goads) and knitting goods. By 

1888 Sherrard Wttr & COhad exhibited at the Cork International 

Exhibition (18831, -S' Exhibition, Dublin (18851, it remived the 

Diploma af Medt, at the Manchester Exhibition. In 1886 it was 

appointed 'WooUen Manufacturers 'toHet MajestJTthe 

Queen'. In 1902,the businesswas taken over by the 

fmn of 'Messrs Fulton and Company'. This c o e y 

su£FerPd a notorious and damaging shikein 1919, 

After such an auspicious start, it seems surp- that 

this second business activity ceased In 1930, whwn 

the 29" of January-the business went Into 

Iiquidation, after only 47 years qpaaion. 

To aeate space for surface storage, during the 

coastructianof the 'Blackwater Drainage Scheme' the 

derelict mUlbulldhgs were demozished in the 1980s, 

leaving the present cleared site. It ts perhapsironic 

that the millremained vacant and dadict almmfor 

the same length d time as it operated, bothas a corn 

and woollen d...

MW Street 

Halfway along Main Street, Mill Street slopes steeply eastwards to the 

River Blackwater. From the top of the street, there is a fine view of the 

Armagh countrysideacross the river. The reas of Estate Terrace and Bank 

Terraces (10Sr 121, with their out-offices, hce down towards the river. 

To the north of Mill Stteet is the cul-de-sac of Kinaird Park, public 

authority housing which was built on the rear gardens of 28-31 Main 

Street. The estate is surrounded by, but not included in,the Conservation 

Area. 

Both the MU and half of the housing are now gone. The remaining half, 

Mill Street Terrace (111,recently was renovated. Earlier-past the 

chimneyto the steam m gheit close-facedan opposite terrace of 

houses. Now it looks past the phth of the chimney to an open aspct, 

with the d dct ewe-house in the foreground. Beyond that is a level 

floodplain, in which is a large field, with a pitch used by the local football 

team.

Most of the Medon we see today was developed 

as a planned settIement during a period of 

landlord control. Thearchitectural style is a 

'one periodtdevelopment. It is important that 

the charm of the early 19'" century, late 

Georglan village be maintainedand enhanced. 

In exerdsing its planning functionswithin the 

Conservation Area, Planning Service will be 

guidedby the need to: 

prevent insensitive development and 

redevelopment and 

protect and enhance the intrinsic character 

of the area. 

IThese objectivesmay 

be augmentedby 

inputs hornthe Urban 

Development 

Programme (UDP) and 

the Townscape 

Heritage initiative 

WI),grant 

programmes sponsored 

by the International 

Fund for Ireland and 

the Heritage Lottery 

Fund respectively-see 

Appendix I. 

1 1 In 1 1111 

of C ~lehPost OfPce me Planning Service 

considers that the 

Alexander House and adjoining, annexe - both with 

railinged Font boundary walls 

following issues will continue to be the fontsof 

attention for the Conservation Area: 

in the long-term, the inappropdately 

designed buiIdxngs and cleared sites in and 

adjolnlngthe historic village, could be 

replaced with more sympatheticincharacterdevelopment, 

as typically exlsts, 

in the form of continuous terraces, at the 

back edae of the pavement; 

* 

in the short to medium term, the former 

clearance sites adjoiningthe crossroads to 

the north of Main Street should be fenced 

and planted with native deciduous trees; 

I 

doors with integral fanlights. The 

introductionof such materials will dilute 

the detail and qdty of the Conservation 

Area and should be resisted; 

the rear gardens of Main Street offer the 

opportunity to develop residential uses, 

accessedthtough the existing carriage 

arches. Such developments,handled 

sensitively,have the potential to be most 

attractiveand 

while the built-up Main Street has and kad 

no trees, with the notable exceptionof the 

Horse Chestnut7he at Church Hill, the 

fringe of the historic village and €heavenue 

approach along the DerrycomtneyRoad are 

noted for their trees. A programme of 

maintaining and where necessary,replacing 

the trees and increasing the tree cover 

should be undertaken. 

* - - 

BA 

the Conservation Area is comparatively free 

of modem materials and contemporary 

designs e.g., slates manufactured from sheet 

material, plastic and aluminium material 

used in signs, shop frontsand re~lawent MainEaining, repl&ng and imsing tree cow is 

uPVC windows and dmn and replacement imporcant

The Desipation 

Notice is hereby given that 

the Departmentaf the 

&kWbmt WO- 

Ireland), in pursuance of 

powers conferredupon it 

by Mcle 50 of the 

Planning (NI) Order 1991, 

has designatedthe area 

outtined the 

accompanyingmap as a 

CmsewationAm, being 

anareabfspedd 

dkcmral and histotic 

iaterest, the characterof 

which it is desirable to 

presewe and enhance. 

A map of the designated 

area hasbeen deposited at 

the bm&hCoundl Omce 

and Divisional manning 

Office, at the addresses 

wow: 

Dungam811and South 

mne Borough Council 

CwncilofEce$ 

Circular Road 

DUNGANNON BT716DT 

Telephone (028) 8772 5311 

DivisionaI Phming OEGice 

County Hall 

D-gh Amue 

OMAGHW79 7AF 

Telephone (028)8225 4000

Regional Policy context 

The Department's regional planning policies for conservation areas and 

other features ofNorthern Ireland's built heritage are currently set out in 

a Planning Policy Statement, PPS6 'iPlanning,Archaeology and the Built 

Heritage"published in March 1999, The foflowing advice has been 

prepared to supplementthese poIides, to help ensure that the individual 

characteristicsof Caledon ConservationArea are not affected detrlmentalIy 

by development and that any works compIement the best of the 

existing towllscape. 

The design guidelineswill therefok be applied to all new development 

and to the renovation and refurbishment of all existing buildings within 

the Conservation Area. They emphasise the importance of having a 

consistentlyh@~standard of design and the use of appropriate materials. 

The design of new buildings, or the extension or repairlalterationof 

existing ones In the Conservation Area, should be carried out with 

sensitivity, 

The design solution can be approached horn three different directions, 

each of which is valid in given circumstances. Thought shodd be given 

to the most appropriate approachbefore working drawingsare prepared. 

The REPRODUCTION approach is the most obvious way of maintaining 

the character of an original building. When hfjlling a terrace of unified 

composition,where any other approach would destroy Its homogeneity, 

the reproductionapproach is essential. Attention to detail is vid, 

including correct matdls, colours, finishes and external joinery 

detailing. 

The TRADlTIONALapproach is frequently regarded as the best, 

particularlywhere the development is domestic in character as in 

Caledon. As in the reprduction approach, detailing important, as is 

the study of the characteristics of existing adjoining buildings. The end 

product should be a building that respectsthe local character preserofng a 

measure of the uniqueness,which the area has wolved and avoid- the 

blandness often assodatedwith present-daybuildings. 

The CONTRAST approach is arguably the most subjective and 

controversial. There may be instances, however,where it is possible to 

design an uncompromisingly modern buildingthat can be satrsfactority 

integrated intothe urban fabric. To do this, the new building should 

respect and not threaten the mass and design of the existing adjoinhg 

buildings or wider setting. 

Listed Buildings have special architectural qualities and historic 

interest and are protected shtutorily under Article 44 of the Planning 

(NI)Order 1991. 

Once a building is listed, consent fs requiredfor its demolition and 

for any works of alteration or extension that would affect Its 

character as a building of specid architectural or historic interest. 

Thls h referred to as "listedbuilding consent" and it is a criminal 

offenceto carry out such works without consent.Planning 

permission Is also required in addition to listed building consent if 

the works involve Udevelopmentn. 

The Environment and Heritage %mice (Built Heritage) should be 

consultedon such matters, before any work is commfssioned.

Form, Proportion And Materials 

New bujlchgs and exteutoprs should 

inwrporaw simpleIw a r pmportlofls, 

with thevertical emphasis of existingbudings 

mdthepat&md~lid€~void~the 

elemtbm.They should -te to their neighbour 

ia terms ofheightand number of storeys. Many 

of the temced unitsh Mafn Stmt are relatively 

wide-honted-up to 6.5 metres. This can be 

contrastedwith MiU We&terrace, with its 

narrow-£rantedunits. Whethe relationshipof 

adjacent Md4$is wnsldered mctbty, due 

x@cagnidonshould k&mto thisin thedesign 

d any unit$being replace8maltered. 

Bd&g line 

The 

den.^ 

terrace5 

induded 

in the 

-A m arebuilt 

at 

theback 

edge of the pavemeat. Indeed, Wtorically, them 

were no gaps: the street hontages were entkdy 

built-up. OcasionalIg, tbebuildings are slightly 

set back, with a deeppavement, the depth 

Inmrpoxatingrlvercobbles and perhaps a cellar 

grating* Indeedfthere Is ody one real example 

of a hart foregarden, ie AlexanderHow. In 

the case of mdevehpxnent, it hlmpomnt 

that the bull- line be respected. 

Akmi& How - m& rhan domestic scale. 

One of the factors that makes Caled,mso 

a~~eistheweinthewallcanstructlanof 

1-y quaxried (mainly),Ifrsestonerubble. 

&on* the swts of the Camwatl,m Area, 

suchmaterialshould be retainedand used in 

new building. In maso-ther bulldirSg new 

work mrqointing-tbe mottar usedshouldbe 

lime rather than cement4medP&where, Go 

the rears, where buildin@can be seen from 

public areasl it may be acepkab1e touse a 

fairfaced c~ntteteblack, #IOW-matchedto the 

a~~ol~b~dbgsand~~Itmemo~gho 

'be~to~tthemaw~It~thew~tomm,t 

bre2tthe and tu dryat- ~ tmtm+ i 

~usethgyare~shwzgerthmthe~nrp-he 

none of thw a i t d h ~md seriws problems of qd@g d 

the stonework can OCM h amditiox~~, when t4e 

w a U b w e L O n ~ ~ r r p e a s o f ~ I a ~ a 

usinga @emmtltious to pointprePiouSiyUme 

Inortared fointsm y even IE stmxurd hilure, resuIdnghDl 

tbewall'smibeingabLet~~,as~!

Dry dash or roughastrender has not h 

traditionaUy used in the ConsewationArea and 

it will generally not be acceptable. Althaugh 

Alexander House b mmth rend- In 

Edwatdian times this was most likely applied 

over a hestone rubble wall. Except for the 

former railwaybuilding -the CVR Pamk 

O f f l e are no brick Wdings in Caledon 

and the use of btids will not be approved+ 

Existingfeatures, usually in gmder buildings, 

such as cut-stonedetails, lilte comim, string 

courses, alternate quoins,keystones and ashIar 

masoary (in aws corbels and often used around 

wiudow and dcm reveals),should be retahed, 

reinstated or included in new buildings. In new 

buildings also, the base of the wall should 

Include a plinth, ie the wall built off base 

comes, appraxhately 300 mm high 

(approxlmatlng to the dpc) and projecting 50 

mm,q gpthg a platform on which the 

building sits.Theuppw part ofthe plinth 

should be splayed, to shed water from the wall. 

Roof design and materials 

New m& 

including those 

on building 

extensioshould 

be 

pitched and 

fit$@. The 

angle ofpitch 

should be in 

acwrdana with 

that onm 

MW,f 

abut 40 degrees. 

Coverings should be in nand slate or, in 

certain dmmstmca, a realbtic mamfactud 

'slate', havlng a rim apparanmwith feathefed 

K@, anbe used. Gables and eaves should 

fhish flush, without barge or fasda boards. 

Guttenshod be supported on hoobin 

CaIdm, the am prticular wrought iron 

d~~ 

from underthe COrrtitlu~~s 

corbelledeaves dew Three separate, 

apparently original designs have been identified. 

Frquently the corbelled eaves has a sipiffant 

proj~Wn-upto 100mm.In oneor-two 

~~,mpivergesexfst#bKtinthevlllage 

these are not used h mtion with Imeelers'. 

To the gables genedy, fhuh, pointedverges 

without barge boarcls will be expected. 

Walls and railings 

Wrought iron railings are a featureof many 

settlementsh Northern Ireland. The dllnged 

front boundary walls of Alexander House, the 

former Market Yard and the Church Hall on the 

corner of Main Street/deqmmney Road are an 

integral part ofthesestructum and should be 

mahtaIned,Elsewheze in the GasmationArea, 

there aredhgs mund St John'sChurchyard 

and opposite,hondng Church WIIl School. 

-ties should be taken to more and 

enhance thesefea-, asand when offered. 

Newr~should~of~onmIld 

steel (hsvlng xegardto existingwrought 

sections),gnX- adpainrnblack, -Q 

with cast heads ta match local examples. They 

should have a verticalemphasis. 

Colour 

Colour should be appUedto the timber 

components of buildings in order to achievea 

hannonhs townscap. GenemUy*off-white or 

pastel colours should be wed. Rahwater goods 

can be painted as appmpiateto 'disappear' (i.e. 

a S- coiwr to the fapde) or to stand out 

(painteda contrastingcolour, e.g., black). 

Window frames should gen- be painted in a 

white or off-white, oil-based paint, Stains and 

varnishes should rmt be used. Shop fronts 

should be mted a mid-tonecolour.

Chimneys 

Where renovations to existing buildings are being carried out and 

chimneys are no longer in use, they should nevertheless be retained and 

repaired so as to maintain the existing roofscape silhouette. Where they 

have been taken down in the past, developerswill be encouraged to 

reinstate them. Normally, new development should incorporate chimneysI 

real or 'dummy', one per terraced unit so as to avoid a bare-ridged 

appearance. 

Chimneys should be several flues deep front to back and should reflea the 

form of those on adjoining buildings, be in smooth red brick or rendered, 

with corbelllng and other appropriatedetailing. The use of tall chimney 

pots will also be important, either reused or new. In new development, 

where chimneys 

I m 

I 

I 

r 

1800mrn 

I 

are not required 

500m L mmm 4oomm S O O ~ ~ for heating, 

m m m 

I 7 nevertheless they 

should be 

380mm 

, - I 

1 1 1 I 

, 

- pmedd; there is 

I 

L the possibility of 

IE ~ork~~ed brick course 

, soil vent stacks 

a 

1 I through flues 

being directed 

Access though carriage arches offen the potential fir residmtia2, backland heloprnmt 

Camiage arches 

An attractive detail in Caledon is the use of the three-centred carriage arch 

-giving access to the back lands through frontage buildings. This detail 

could be considered in new development Indeed, mostly in Main Street, 

so as to maintain a continuousbuilt-up sheet frontage, limited infill 

residential development may be allowed to the rear of properties, with 

vehicular access through carriage arches. This could also be applied to newbuild 

schemes, although each site will be considered on its merits. 

Detail of 'dummy' chimney 

and terminating 

beneath the 

chimney pats, or 

a mechanical 

ventilation 

system having its 

exhaust through 

the chimney.

hwate~gmds 

Rainwater downpipes, wtkers ancl hopper heads 

should be either cast bnor cast aluminium, 

painted. PVC or cold-rolled &water goods 

should be avoided except whexe ronceald or 

not vhible from thepublic domain. 

windows 

I 

Extept for shop hnts, 

windows andwindow 

openingsshould be of 

vertical form. Solid to void 

ratios shouldb biased 

towards the solid. Cills 

shouIdbe commded in 

dtherprecast concrete or be 

of (possibly salvaged)stone 

with at least 100 mm leading 

edge. In mdng,period 

buildings, timber, sliding 

sash windows, dth a vertical 

I 

emphasis, using m y - 

sized mmsto the ortginaI 

1(and especially amigals of 

nonnally be used with the 

correct detailreplicated. The glass should be 

held inplace with pukty or putty-&& timber 

slips* 

Theuse of a heavia glass anmake a great 

differenceand weather skips wi]J have t4e 

optimal e£fecton sound and heat insulation. 

Renovationwork to existingbuildings wflI offer 

the opphdty to &state the formand detail 

of the origmal timber sfiding sash windows. 

They are much preferred to modem aluminium 

or uWC substitutes that lack authentic detail 

and are either over slim OI excessivelybuw in 

section. The latter two are uncharacteristicand 

should therefore be avoided. The enlargement 

of domesfic-shed, vextically proporblond 

window openings into ones of horizontal fbrm 

requiresplanningpermission. It will have a 

detrlmenalimpact on fhe characterof the 

Consematiun Area and will also be 

unacceptable. 

In new W-, where alternative Wndm 

forms to timber sliding sash are acceptable, In 

the uppet half of vertically-praporkimed 

openings, inward-openhgwindows with a 

cprrttaI transame should lx used. 

Dormer Windows and Skylights 

Dormer windows are not a feature of Caledon 

and shouldbe avoided, particularly on front 

elevationsor where visible from public areas. 

Where illumination to the attic storey is 

required from the front of a building, 

conservation-type rooflights should be used. 

DQO~ and a~cesw&S 

Doorsshould be of a traditional panelled or 

Verticaliy boarded design, as appropriate. In late 

Georgh/Victorian buildings(and this wodd 

apply to most of Caledon)correct detail wMd 

involve the use of bolecdon moddhgs in plain 

paaeIled doors. In m e instances, glassmayh 

substituted for solid panelingin the uppet half 

and heldin place with tbe afore-mentioned 

triqph section,flushtimber slips. Iarge 

expanses of glass, however, shouldbe avoided. 

Dwrs with hte@ 'M@tst shouldnot be 

used 

Where they exist, suchitems as do~kmdars, 

handles and letterboxes shouldbe rewed for 

te-use. Altertbkti*, replica reproductlm 

should be sought. 

Shops and other commercial 

fronts 

Gocd design-standardsam most important to 

maintain the attractivenessof Main Street. 

The elements that create a shop front need to be 

seen and be treated as part of the building as a 

whole. Shop fronts should relate to plot widths 

and not be carried over into two or more 

properties. Where a retailer occupies two or 

more plot widths, however, visual continuityof 

ownershipmay be achieved by the use of similar 

fascia, colour or letter type rather than by a 

continuous fascia. In the case of shop fronts, to 

-

contribute to the thmdimensional effect, the 

doorway should be recessed fromthe front of 

the building, with the shop's side window{s) 

slightly cant&. 

In Caledon there are not that many good 

examples of shopfronts. It is important that 

those that do exist be property integrated into 

the ground floor of the building. A 

sympatheticallydesigned shop front to an 

existing buiIding could be constructed of timber 

or a combination of timber or pmst concrete 

units and borrow its component pub horn 

classical architecture. These are: 

the entablature, which in essence, is the shop 

sign over the window, comprises a moulded 

cornice, which demarcates the pound flwr 

shop and functions as a visual stop4;a fascia/ 

meze which Is the vertid, signed surface of the 

shop sign (not'framed md') and an 

architrave, possibly moulded, which defines Its 

Iowa edge. The entablature should be fatrly 

Wed in vertical climension and be in 

proportion to the rest of the shop hnt and 

indeed, with the building elevation; 

pilasters are imitadon, rectangular-section,non 

load-bearingcolumns,on either side of the shop 

The lead fl&ing, dressed over the d c e to waterproof 

the shopfront, should have a plain, not a ' s edge. ~ 

front and are either plain, fluted or with other 

decorativedesigns. They project from the wallsay 

50-75 mm--and visualIy support the 

entablature above. In a small settlement, 

historically, these would have h n narrow, 

rather than wide. Pilasters comprise 3 parts: the 

capital, usually moulded and of a simple Dodc 

Order; the shaft, fluted or plain and a base, 

againmoulded. 

drisers which are in the space between the 

shop Wdow cilI and the pavement and can be 

constructedfrom stone or blockworl41ender and 

be plain or incorporate a recessed and panelled 

design. 

On small shops, avoidingthe use of pilasters, a 

sign muidbe formed above the window by a 

'label' of raised, smooth plaster, with a moulded 

edge. 

A new front should nwer dominate the street 

elevation. It should relate in scale and character 

to its host building and to neighbowing 

premises. It should respect and not overlap 

existingarchitectural features, such as fanlights, 

striag courses, fist floor cills or windows. 

The use of Iarge expanses of glass should be 

avoidd. Vertical glazing bars, mullions and 

stallrims should be introduced. Colours and 

ffnishles used for the shop front should be kept 

to a minimum and be as simple as possible. 

uPVC and natural-finishaluminium are 

~ 

inappropriate and unacceptable materials for use 

for shop fronts within the Caledon 

ConservationArea. Original, moulded section 

woodwork in doors and windows should be 

painted, rather than stained or varnished. 

Timber-framedwindows are preferable to colourcoated 

dumlnium. 

The dimension from floor level to the top of the 

shopwindow should be a minimum of a door 

and fanlight. 

Advertisements and shop signs 

Advertisements are an important aspect of the 

Conservation Area. 

Hoardingswill not be permittedin the 

ConservationArea or an its approaches. 

Signs are very visible, and both they and their 

illuminationshould be used with restraint. Poor 

design and clutter can detract from a building 

that may otherwise be of good visual quality. 

The three-dimensional aspects of the design 

should be considered. 

GeneraDy, signs shodd be hand-painted. Gold 

lettering on a black background makes the sign 

very visible and should be used in preference to 

ilIumhation. 

Reflective plastic, ~ ~ a r lis y inappropriate , 

and should not be used. 

Generally, the only signs to be permitted on

listedbuildings without an existing shop front 

wlll be metal plaques. They should be 

approximately300 X 200 mm, adjacent to the 

entrance doors and where more than one ocnus, 

harmoniouslygrouped together. 

Shop fwiciaj 

Lettering on shop fasclas should normally be 

hand-paintedox be of individual, raised 

(applipuh) letters, possibly back-lit. Fascia 

lettering should be in scale, with clear and 

legible letter type. Fasdas should be used to 

display the name, trade and street number of the 

business, only. Illuminated box fascia signs 

should be avoided in favour of wash-down 

lie- this can be achiwed by the use of an 

illuminated cornice, with care taken as to the 

dimensionof its prolectlon. Projecting 'fasciamounted 

downlighting strip lights*and 

individual swan-necked or projecting lights are 

an obtrusivemeans of illumination, out of 

charactex with the Consmation area, and will 

normally be unacceptable. It should be pointed 

out,however, that light or gold colowed 

lettering on a dark background can be easily read 

and should be used in preference to 

illumination. 

SateUlte dlsbes, burglar snd fire 

darrms 

SateIlite dishes and antennasare a modem 

feature, alien to the traditional building styles 

and featwes of the Conservation Area. 

Normally, the Department will require such 

devices to be sited to the rear of properties, 

below ridgelines and out of view horn pubIic 

areas. 

Where alarms ate fiW,they should be 

unobtrusivelysited and disaeetly coloured 

prol-mng 

signs 

Projectingbox signs are uncharacteristic and will 

therefore be unacceptabIe. Hanging signs may be 

considered, if well designed.They should be 

positioned at fiat floor window head height and 

designed in reIation to the dimensions and 

proportions of first floor windows. Generally, 

they could be upwards of half the first floor 

window's area, Scale is important here -too 

diminutivewould imply that the sign Is an 

afterthought; too large in proportion to the 

building and it will dominate other features. 

Banner-type signs,often of verdcal proportion, 

are uncharacteristic of the Consewation Area 

and wiU generally not be approved. 

Illumination-if requhd-should be by 

discreetly sited, separate spotlights (they could 

k sited in the outside lower corners of adjoining 

windows) not swannecked 

l@&. Onty one 

such sign will normally 

be permitted per frontage. 

It would be expected, 

howwer, that a 

proliferatton of projecting 

signs would tend to 

detract born the visual 

harmony of the street. 

Generally, signs fixed to, 

or painted on, the upper fIoor walls will not be 

acceptable. 

Standardisedsigns 

House-stylesignage, used by regional or national 

companies to give a degree of uniformity to 

their shops, may ned to be modified to 

conform to the character of the Conservation 

Area. 

Shutters, canopies and 

Shuttersare often a feature of shopping streets. 

Modern roller shutters,where used,shodd be of 

the lattice type, be colour coated and remsed 

behind the fascia. Channels should be flush 

with-not project from-window or door 

reveals. To fix roUer shutters on the exterior wall 

face, atme the window, is unsightly and will 

not be acceptable. As an alternative, removable 

wooden shutters, with discreet fklngs, featuring

a panelled or sheeted design codd be used. 

Where required, canopies and awnings should 

be of the traditional, canvas, retractable type. 

They should be located at the level of the 

cornice of the entablature (hMedon, it is 

unlikely that the shophnt will be of suffident 

height for the awning to spring from the lower 

edge of the fascia). When positioned at cornice 

lwel, it is suggested that the leading edge of the 

awning could be of moulded Umber so that, 

when retracted, it wtll act as a cornice. Rqgd, 

Rutch-type, canopies are inappropriate and 

unacceptable within the Conservation Area. 

Extensions should be subsidiaryin size to the 

main building and have a pitched roofwith 

caveringand d- to match the parent 

structure,where they are visible, ox have the 

potentialto be visible from public areas. Garages 

and outbuildings should be designed, in a form 

and be of materfah which will complement the 

main building, m-1~ where likely to be 

viewed ftom public areas. Wall finish should be 

as referred to under "external wall finishes", 

above. 

File escapes and reu access 

Where rear access or egress is required, steps 

shouldbe containedwithin the &sting building 

envelope or be part of a sympathetically 

designed rear extension, where visible kom 

public areas. 

Disabled access to buildings 

within the Conservation Area 

The Disability DlscrimtnationAct was passed by 

the Westminster Parliament h 1995. Part of the 

Act requirespremises to overcome physical 

features which make it hnpossibleor 

unreasonabIy difficult for disabled people to use 

a service. Additional duties in this respect come 

into effect from la October 2004. 

Any modificationsnecessary to ensure 

compliancewith the legislation should be 

ded out in a amer 

that does not detract 

from the existing character of the property. For 

example, sufficient width for wheelchair access 

should be via the provision of shop doors 

consisting of two leaves, rather than a slngle 

wt-af-proportiondoor. 

Development by pubtic agencies 

The Department wiU try to ensure that fhe 

activitiesof statutory undertakers and public 

agendes result h an improvement of the 

eslviranmental quality of the Conservation Area. 

When the renewal of overhead electricity and 

telephone servicesbecomes operationally 

necessary,as much as possible should be 

undergrounded. The removal of incongnrous 

items of street furniture will be encouraged, eg 

poles, unnecessarypublic signage, or other items 

which add to visual clutter, as well as the better 

pladng of public notices. 

Nav development or the renovation of existing 

buildings should include the provision of 

internal duct-, so avoiding the need for 

unsightly external wiring on the face of 

buiIdhgs and facilltatlng its removaI in the 

longer-term. 

Streetscapeworks, affecting pavement and 

roadway surfaces, should employ materials and 

details that complementthose which 

traditionallyedst or existed in the Area. 

Expanses of tarmac shou3d be avoided. 

To ensure a high environment, a 

coordinateddesign approach to the provision of 

street lighting, signage and street furniture, 

should be adopted. The maintenance of street 

furnitureshould be given a high priority, since 

the rundown appearance of such items can have 

a depressingeffect;ranverseIy, well-maintained 

street furniture can enhance the Area.

The stationary Beam En@nefhoused in the 

PJlglne,HouseisarrlicfromtbefirJthalfof 

the 19 century. This early steam m e , 

with a horizontal, pivofing beam linking 

bemm the ~ y ~ pWcrn,e d 

mppIging thepower, ~ nd the flywheel which 

developsrow motion, is me same as that 

used onmighml-tvpe$team locomotives. 

InM,the 'afmosphetic bearn enghe' was 

developedby Tbomg Nwmmn at the 

beginning of the l8 cenatary. .Used, iaitially, 

fdr pumping water frommined 

workings, the engina were ehmousim tne 

but IOWin e£fldency. They workedby the 

~eactirmdatmosphere to apartialvacuum 

poctuce;d wSWthe engbt's cylinder, as a 

result oX fbesudden condavalionof steam. 

This pardmlm engine is thought to be a 

design by Willlam Fairbairn, but wide- 

is 

m t i dand such cannot be proved. 

Cdedon Mill was built in 183andWally 

power was suppliedby2 waterwhds that 

Fairbalm designed. It is possible that a stem 

engine was mmmisioW&omhim after it 

was discovexed that, a- dIy periods, 

waternet aloneprovided inadequate pwex 

If it @ aPaSrbaim, it is theodyone still in 

mdstence. 

Referenceto the eadstace af a steam engine 

ap- in 1835, as descilbedby Coldnel 

Thornas C-, of the Ordnance who 

desaibd it as: 

",..a 

pmwe&am @@?h? of25 bae gmver: 

~ h a f l e r i s n ~ t ~ r ~ m i 1x69 r w ~ ~ w r ~ m~lrcdbcad~-~wdawhmck~ngmmrm#~ 

~ w 

z ~ ~ m t h m m 

r*2~~~thele~m~mw~a7,~amt1,1~ 

3 Hlearheaaer-MbutrnMIf~Waw 

prusVdpEMu&a-andwr 

smm~a)elw 

B a r a d o n a ~ o s w W W ~ ~ 

S 

ateam*- 

6 m 

? Pboonw 

8 m- 

a ~ ~ ~ o ~ m n - r a n - ~ r ~ n m ~ w i t h ~ ~ ~ t 

10 ccwmatngllpd 

It 

12 mroufseamthemwm 

13 C m % b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s p e n t d ? d h t % t ~ . 

3 3 

th@aged told me they bmed S& @fuse) to saw! The has down and 

c&~~e~nemdthatomtonofs&ar4 onlythe plinth now m-. The flue(man- 

&of~~upliedthe~wfk?tfue~fQran SJZed, to faditatecleaning)tritveUed under 

hw... M the ground, between the m e and the 

plint4/mey1 

The &ney ta the boiler of the beam engine 

was situated in the middle of Mill Street* wtractedh W ~M&u#BwI:T he SC- &mn 

EngheinUlW 

betweenthe existingMill Terrace and the 

tn 

Ireland. 

mthgesJwhich wae opposite and apart of the 

-The Royal Soeletyd A n ~ ~ & s 

I

Appendix i: Jrnancra* an /dX of er assisfanee 

Conservation Area Grant 

At the time of this booklet's publication, there is a 

moratorium on Conservation Area Grant. Under the 

Planning (NI) Order, 1 991, however, the 

Department may grant aid expenditure relating to 

works to either listed or non-listed buildings that 

promote the preservation or enhancement of the 

character or appearance of the Conservation Area. 

Details can be obtained porn: 

The Planning Service 

. County Hall 

Drumragh Avenue 

OMAGH BT79 7AE 

Tel: Omagh (028) 8225 4000 

Urban Development Pro 

N amme 

Urb Development Programme Section 

Zartment of Social Development 

10a Market Street 

OMAGH BT78 1EH 

Tel: Omagh (028) 8224 1944 

Historic Buildings Grant 

Under the Planning (NI) Order, 1991 Environment 

and Heritage Service may give financial assistance 

towards the cost of maintenance or repair of 

buildings that are listed as being of special 

architectural or historic interest. Info ma 

tion can 

be obtained porn: 

Environment and Heritage Service 

Built Heritage 

5-33 Hill Street 

BELFASTBT12LA 

Tel: Belfast (028) 9023 5000 

Hearth Revolving Fund 

This charitable trust, part of the Ulster Architectural 

Heritage Society, operates a revolving find for the 

acquisition and restoration of historic buildings at 

risk and is particularly interested in buildings in 

conservation areas. Further details may be obtained 

porn: 

Hearth Revolving Fund 

66 Donegall Pass 

BELFAST BT7 1BU 

Tel: Belfast (028) 9053 0121

Char9WIe Trusts Ulster Architectural Heritage Further derails rnay be obtained fiom 

Charitablemists are some&will& to help with 

the ronsmtion of builditrgs in charihlb~eor &er 

non-profit&Iw mmship. R-ce could 

wWrV 'h~ubkdon'A W eto fhe 

'YE'*' 

m': Meted H e wPm' 

91571M 63 7) 

Renovation Grant 

Under the Housing (Nj) Order 1992, the Northem 

Ireland HousingExecutive may grant-aid the cost of 

irnpmvm and conversion of houses, subject to 

means testing. In certain circsunstances, the 

Executive may alsogrant aid +r. Such grants do 

not necessariiy exclude either Historic buildings 

Grant or ConservationArea Gmt, which sholcld be 

applied for as appropriate. Further information may 

be obtained from: 

Northern Ireland Housing Executive 

Grants Office 

MacAUster Howe 

Woodside Avenue 

OMAGH BT79 7BP 

Tek Omagh (028)8224 6111 

me Arch Hetr'tae 

wrlwrtaryW,with some 1500 members, 

with fiep otion o f ~ ahi-re-~f d 

pm-in h-cI cmtlfi of mstu, 

As well as hm'wpublished some SO books and 

monographs m%ningaspats of livcai mhiteehm, 

it mmga *its to buildings for its members and 

may be able to provide &?micd udvice of a g m ~ d 

vlaayre or &red equhs b apprpktes a w for 

infbmtim. F h b &talk may be obtained mm: 

mter mt- Heritage Sodety 

66 DonegaU Pass 

BWAST ET7 1BU 

The Heritage Lottery Fund and 

the Townscape Heritage 

Initiative (THI) 

The Heritage Lottety Fund wes mney raised by the 

National Lottery to improve the quality of life by: 

- saw~rding attd enhancing the hmeTIi2zge of 

buildings, objects and the emIMronwrent,whether 

man-made or naiural, which have been 

impmlant in t?~e fomdion of the charater and 

identity of the United Kingdom 

- assistingpeople to appreciateand enjoy their 

heritage 

- allowing them to hand it on in good hwrt to 

Fturegeneratim. 

Northern Preland oface: 

51-53Adelaide Street 

Belfast BT2 &FE 

Telephone: 028 9031 0120 

Fax: 023 90310121 

Corpomte offEce: 

7 HolW Phce 

London S'IW 8NR 

Switchboard telephone: 020 75916000 

Main fax: 020 7591 6001 

The Townsmpe Hm'tage Iniiiative (TklII)was 

launched in April X998 and is supported by the 

Heritage L ow Fund IHLlr). The THI focuses on 

ConservationAreas aiming+% partnership with the 

public, priwte and voluntary sectors-to create 

exemplars of wnsmtion practice and 

management. It is concernedprimarily with sdng 

the long-term offhe built haitage by: 

- repairing built fabric; 

- restoring authentic details and materials; 

seturhg the continued use of historic buildings; 

hingingvacant Poorspace in historic buildings 

back into use md 

- facilitating a high standard of design and 

rtnaterials in filling gap sites in key frontages.

1. IOJ73 B CaledanNationat School, Main Street S-bay,single-storey school. Divided, awrdIngto gendet Swept dormers and other 'm 

& Crafb'~euces 

2. 10145 B Chuxch Hill himmSchool and railinRs, - 

CbuFchm 

schoolmm and integral schoolhouse. SmeWt, Gothic rompition 

:W 

3. 1013 A StJohn's Church d Zrrland, ChurchHUI baIlt 1768for Ebbate Robinson. Wed G6c styGdteml by TWeUand h 

Needle spire 18Od byJNash -replaced 1830. 

Graveyard con* mrnbstne dW Hamilton, I674 aad Corry 'pyfamid' 

4. W46 B+ Methodist (now EUm)Church, Church Htll hall,with simple Gothic detail. Rendered, w£fhmoremodem stone-builtporch 

5. 10133 B2 Shop, 17W#uSt~eet %stoey, late Gm@, with late 19" ceaturyshop£ro~~t 

6. 10132 -B2 TheDmprkBar,MainStreet 2-storey, lhesmnetuwahwse,m~lmtedto a bar 

7. 10130 B/IA PxenticeMemottal,hdainStreet wetghbridge oBce,bdt a a memorial m adorma Agent of the Estate. A curious mixkm 

of pimmque d W 

8. 10/31 B former Matket Hall, (nowOrange Hall), Main Sheet %storey ball of limestom. Fenestrated, &span former arcade at poundfloor level 

9. lOl40 B1 22-23hMnStmt a pair of %storeydwelltngs, stone faced and slated, converted to mnmwdaluse 

20. 1012ad B+ 1,24 EstateTenate, Main Street 2 - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w l t h ~ ~ n e 

11. 10/43 a-i B/V 1,2-9MUStreet Tenace, Mill Street Nos 1B2are Z-storey, to which were added a fwthex 7as 1'1,stow, cottag+styk 

wodzers' dwelliqgs 

12. 1011 a-e B+ l, 2-6 Bank,Terrace and outbuiIdhgs, 

(lndudingKinard House) 

2&3storejrGeoxgianterraceJ bulltoflhatone 

13. 10141 B1 37 Main SW. *Alexander:House" and rdhqp and former Dower Howe. %storey. spmmMc fronL Smooth-rendad The porch is an 

addition. 

annette on Wt-hand(north)side ofAlexander Stone-builtJpossibly as a bmacfrs. 2-storeys, 4 bap redwd with @lets to namralh-t 

kit floorwindows 

Hmse 

l4 10/37 1 B 2 CmrtHouse, - s 42 Main t Sheet o r e y n eMt.Centrebay advancedandpedimentd. Unusuall9- Mlcupola, 

cenWp-placed on roof 

15 10138 B 43MahStreet former ~ - 2 stone-Mt, - adj ~ Court House ~ 

16. 10139 B1 TheCaledon Arms,44MainSmet fomw how-%storey, stonehilt, Spmetdcal, severe detail 

17, lO/S B 45,4&49MaiaSheet part of a &storey Georgian street terrace under 4 difkent roaf l&. 

W. Corlsfstsd a house and shops 

l8 10134 B Wedon Fountain, Mah Street mm& to the 4"- Zdered Iimestone, with gfanlte colurnas 

19. 10135 B Meting Hall, Main Smet %bayhall. Gothic, with gabledporch 

Limestone M 

20. 10110 02 Corner Bar, 1Castle lam 2-storey, stone-built Gm- building. Foflowhgbask archite-xiginally a smithy? 

e

The following is a guide to some of the planning 

and architecturalterms used in tMs document. 

APPLIQU~Cut out material applied to a 

surface, in this case letters wed to a fascia. 

AUCHITRAW* Refers to the lintel, jambs and 

mouldings around a doorway or window. Also 

used in classical architecture to describe the 

beam or lowest division of an entablature. 

ASTRAGAL: A term (esp in Scotland)for a 

glazing bar. These (in Georgian windows) should 

present a front face of 6mm 

AWNING: A projecting coveringto screen parts 

of a bulIdmg (inthis case the shop window) 

from the sun or rain. 

BOLECTION MOULDING: Convex moulding 

covering the joint between two &fferent planes 

and overlapping the higher as well as the lower 

one,especially on paneIling and £heplace 

surrounds of the late 17'hand early 18& century. 

Occurs also in doors of the Victorian period. 

e.g, 'canted corner'- external angle of 

a building, at drca 45 degrees to the main wall. 

mAt: The moulded or med top of a 

column or pilaster which concentrates (or 

appears to concentrate) the load on to the shaft 

of the column. Often richly ornammted. 

CONSERVATlON: 1. The means of protecting 

the intrinsic quality of a building, groups of 

buildings or of spedfic areas. 2. A building 

philosophy, hwhich built structuresare 

assumedto live indefinitely, by beingsubject to 

regular maintenance,the authentidty being 

maintained by small-scaie, in-me,repairs rather 

than by replacement of extensive parts. 

CONSERVATION AREA: h area, declared by 

the Department of the Environment (No, 

considered to be of particular architectural or 

histotic importance and ~w worthy of 

retention. In order to ensure that the character 

of such an area is not eroded, future 

dwelopmentpropals are normally expected to 

conform to a series of policies and controls 

prepared by the Departinent. 

CONSOLE BRACKET: In classical architecture, 

an ornamentat bracket of slight projectionbut of 

much patsheight. May sem to support a 

cornice above a shop front or exteriat door. 

COPED VERGE: An upstanding masonry gable, 

weathered with a coping, which closes the end 

of a pitched roof. 

CORBEL; A projectin& cantilweredblock of 

masonxy, suppotting elementsover it. In the 

Conservation Area this detail would occur 

particularly in eaves and chhnney details. The 

projection of the cantilwex could vary greatly. 

CORMCE A projecting mouldii, often of 

ornate design, along the top of a building 

shopfrontor above doan and windows. 

CUPOM A diminutivedomed form 

DEVELOPMENTCONTROL: The tern given to 

the process whereby the planning authority 

assesses and determinesplanniug applications. 

DOUBLE FROWED: Describes a (frequently 

detached) 3 bay butldjng which is symmelxical 

about a central doorway. 

ENTABLATUlU3 The upper part of an Order of 

Architecture above a pilaster, column or 

colonnade mmprislngthe architraw, frieze and 

cornice. Forms the 'fascia' in a period shopfront. 

FACADE: IIIP£aceof a building, towards fhe 

meet. 

FASCWIWEZE: A broad, flat band or board 

often used in the context of shop £rmts.It is 

where the name of the shop or its ownm f to 

be found. 

FENESTRATION: The arrangement of windows 

in a building.

GEORGIAN: The architecturalstyle associated 

with the time of Kmgs George I-IV (1702-1830). 

GOTHIC: The style of architecture prevalent h 

Europe £mm12*- 16* centuries. It is 

characterised by the pointed arch and traceried 

windows and was revived, in Ireland, in the 18'" 

and 19a centuries. 

INFILL The process of development or 

redevelopmentthat takes place within gaps in 

existing street frontages. 

JAMB: The vertical side of a window or door 

openlug. cf reveal -the portion inside a window 

or door openirig. 

KNEELER: A masonry detaiI that supportsthe 

w-t of a verge coping. 

LAND W The use or activity that does or 

might take place on a particulararea of land. 

LAMBWING: The design and layout of the 

spaces between and about bufldmg. This can 

take the form of either hard landscaping, i.e. 

walls, paths or soft landscaping, i.e, trees, 

shrubs,open space. 

ROUGHCASE A renderingof mortar with 

coarse aggregate, thrown on to the wall. 

QUOIN A term generdy applied to the raised 

Istonework or pIasterwork Wtlating stone to be 

found at the cornersand angles of a building. 

SASH: A frame, holdingwindow glass, made to 

slide up and down in grooves. 

SASH =Thevertical box (the iMer side of 

which comprises the sash frame) on eithaide of 

a vertically-slidingsash window. It contains the 

MULLkON: Upright bar that divides a window, cwnterbalandq wahts, 

horizontally, into two lights. 

SCALR The size of a particular building or its 

p u n k A rectanguIa featureh the shape of componentswhen considered in relation to its 

a piliar projectinghorn the face of a budding, surroundhgs, or in reference to the human 

but having no structural function. 

form. 

P m : Any =lid base. The base courses of a SEGMENTAL (McH): Com~rishgPm of a 

building, designed to suggest a platform on drcle. 

which the buildmg sits. In terms of Ulster SHOPFRONT 

traditional building 

form, the plinth would S l h r r p ~ w n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s c q ? m a ~ t o ~ a n ~ ~ ~ t h e 

dtbshop-. m w D u W ~ k ~ m ~ . ~ m m 

project circa 30 mm ~ s h w W b e ~ b ~ a s e c w r d c m e d m 8 r m ~ . T h e ~ ~ ~ 

from the main wall & a ' M d & ~ j ~ f w W b y m m w b ~ e d ~ W . 

and have a chamfered 

top. 

PROlWBTION: Refers 

to relationship, h 

terms of size and 

arrangement,of the 

various elements in a 

facade. 

REVEAL: The side of Ventila 

an opening in a wall, 

between the framework Pilaster 

and the outer face of 

the wall. 

Rendered I Recessed doorway1 Canted side wlndwv

- 4 j 

STALLWEB: h a shopfront,the panel Wow 

STRING COURSE: horizonhl m 

or b e of mouldings runningams the fapde 

STREm 

this refersto the varlow 

dementstobefmndhtypiml~ofour 

-c - -'-. 

THREE-CENTBED 

ARCH: Halfsvalarch 

-,*W 

diameter one spanniag 

the opening. 

TOWNSCAPE: The 

visual effeftmated as 

a d t of the 

reIatlonshipof 

1 

~ W F ~ gof 

r w ~ 

m- to each other 

aud to the qms 

fodbythese 

buildings. 

-A 

harhmtal structutal 

division In a window. 

h a. wrticaUy sliding 

lower member of the 

upper (outer)sash and the upper member of the VISTA: A long narrow view, as between rows of 

lower %asb. When the window is closed, these trees or buIldIngs fn a streeL 

two coincide in the horizontal plane. WET-DASH: A type of render, which 

TRIPARTITE-W: One with 3 distinct uses an aggregateed-In with sand40 give 

W 

UNDERTAKEB: A class of Plantadon &rautee 

composed of influential English and Scots who 

were to 'undertake' the plantation of Bash 

ders Into estates they had obtained 

URBAN DESIGN: The Mpline or study of 

urban areas in terms of design and fundion. 

-m 

m . 

ma t-ty. 

: A style of building or 

VICTORLAN: The assodationof&wcwd 

style and ideas with the reign of Queen Victoria 

(1837-1901).

Appendix iv: and %ider %by 

Primary Sources 

Annals of Vfster 

Annals of the Khgdom of Ireland by theFOUTMasters 

PRONI T2543 SirJosiasBodley's Plantation Maps of the Baronies in the 

Escheated Counties of Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Fermanagh, mane and 

south Londonderry c.1609 (copies) 

PROM D.1552 'Retumsof Fairs and Markets...showingtowns in which 

markets are held with particulars to patents etc.' 

PRONI D2433 Caledon Papers 

New Map of Ireland by Herman Moll (1714)[reprintedIn Irish Stone 

M&s by Peter OXeefe and Tom Simington (Irish Academic Press 1991)j 

Taylor and Skinws' Maps of the Bonds of Ireland (Dublin 1777) 

The Post Chaise Cumpaniun or lhdler's Dhectary through Irelund (3Med. 

Dublin 1803) 

PROM OS/1/6/67 OS Map l*ed. 1834, CO-one sh.67 

Ordnance Sumq Memoirs ofIreland vol.20:Parishes of County wane D,ed. 

Angelique Day and Patrick McWilliams (QUB 1993) 

PRONI VAL/lD/ 618 Valuation Town Plan of Caledon (c.1833-5) 

PROM First Valuation Records, Parish of Aghaloo (1835) 

Lavis' TopogaphicalDictionmy (1837) 

Parliamentmy Gazetteer ofIreland m1.I (Dublin 1843-44) 

PRONI VAL/2B/6/6CSecond (GMithts) Valuation Records, Parish of 

Aghalca (1859)[in print] 

PRONI VAWZD16114Valuation Town Plan of Caledon (1859) 

PROM 0S/6/6/67 OS Map l* rev c1857,COTyrone sh.67 

Belfast md Pwvince of UlsterDJrectoty Vols.1-21, 1852-1900,(Belfast, 

Henderson 11852-651, Befast News-etter 11865- 3) 

Slater's Royal National Commercial Directory ofIreland (Manchester1870) 

PROM OS16511 OS Town Plan of Caledon (1907) 

PRONI VALJ3G/13612 Valuation Tom Plans of CaIedon (1935-54) 

EHS Records ofthe first survey of buildings of bistodcal and architectural 

interest in CaledonWard (1971) 

Secondary Sources 

Cdedon Regeneration Partnership Caledon Comprehensive Development 

Plan (1997) 

Rev George Hill An historical account of the Plantation in Ulster (Dublin 

1877) 

Thornas Matthews The O'Neills of Ulster v011 (Dublin 1907) 

JohnJohnstonMarshall History of the wtory of Munterbum and Sown of 

Caledon {Dungannon,Tprone Printing Co., 1923) 

D.B. McNeill Ulster 7?amways and Light Railways - Transpart handbook No.1 

(Belfast 1956) 

W.A. McCutcheon Tke Industrial Archaeology of Northem Ireland (Belfast 

HMso 1980) 

P Robinson The Plantation of Ulster (Gill and MacMillan, 1984).

Caledou is noted for being a 'pretty' village 

built of starie. 

The m& stone used is limestone, from the 

Maydm Limestone Formation, which 

extendsnorth, southand west of the Viuage. 

Generally, it is a fine-grained, partlypordanous 

mckIdark-grey-twbbck,when 

freshly-worked. Carbpniktous fqssilscoionial 

corak, dnoidfragments and 

productld b rachfow be identified. 

When weatheringI'thelimestonebecumes 

progressivelypaler aad the nomt far the 

village appears grey, 

As a building stone, +helimestoneIs difficult 

to dress bto plane, ashlar-typefaces and in 

Medon it fs used as a rubble stone, 

sometimes squared, often not. Occasionally 

it is dressed into~aghlysqud blocksand 

hid h regular courses* 

In addition, sandstone is used in the settlement, 

for dressings, quolns,cills, and exterior steps. 

More rarely, itki used in wall masonry. Th& is 

a wid~range of &&ha, including ashlat, 

corduroy work, redq and a variety of wed 

and chasedfinishes. It a- to be from a 

common source, The stone weathers wd and 

the sUIWivaI oftoofmarking attests to its 

durability. There is a slight s@e £mmsurface 

quaru g&m and afewb~o.&show flecks of 

whlte mica (muwvite~on some kkiq 

The source of the sandstone ls uncwtafn. The 

Shemood Sandstone FormationIfrom the 

Tdassic Perlod is a Worn deepreddish b m 

colour. It islocated to the east of Caledon- In 

the general area of Caledan--outsfde the 

Shemood Formation- well as Dungannon 

Sandstone, there are:quarries in the Aughnaclay 

area, one in pwkicllIar, Legane Quarry, is dose to 

Legme Lough. 

I 

I 

h

4J 

'& ;- 

Cakdonis5milesfromLe&aneQuarrpbutthe 

same formation ls known to wdst 3 milesfrom 

the village. Tt is possible that there were 1BWlP 

century stone pits, in outaops In the nearer 

lciat3on. 

TheAugImadoy quarries are Catboni6erous 

racks of ~~Formation. 

On both side of Main Street and in front of 

MillSwet Term&, river cobbleswere wed 

m e n the £mntofthe buil- and the 

flagstone vents. These probably would 

have kmtaken from the Bladwate~Tbeir 

premt&y equivalent wouM be suppliedb m 

the 'waste' pile of quarry washings. 

In the pastIMain Sheet was paved with large, 

pale bluey-grey fhpbnes, These are thaught to 

have been of Donegal kIst~ne#a slate from the 

county mdoor. They were takenup in the 

19609, by the County CounciL A number of 

them are to be found, underone of the Nash 

whm at Caledon Castle. Cmmtlv. a few of the 

GWstiurrmain CICM m the fr~nt'bft~~the 

C o u r t h ~ They ~ are , weathefed 

and mwnd with grime-accwnulationand the 

blue colour is not very evident. 

The ddnMnnfountain Monumente e d to 

C;. ., ,:*'i 

1 

the mmo~of~ames,4* Earl of Caledon, at the 

q :,: ., ( 

lUnCnonof~eyRo~dwithMpin 

d street us& ~ewGmandidrite and a variant of it, 

Bessbrwk 'pmiier in its coiumns and paneb. 

.I? 

I I

Appendix v: Xknornkknlk 

Dr P Blackstock 

The Hon the Earl of Caledon 

The late J M Cummings 

Dr P Doughty 

J Fawcett 

The Friar's Bush mess 

Mrs AGiven 

MSA M Ireland 

J Jahnston 

G McCartney ' 

M McGarvie 

R Oram 

TReeves-Smyth

W!, 

W

Caledon - a brief history

Early history, up to the 16a century 

The fht record of the area is from 320 AD. The area within which Caledon is 

situated was known as the territory of 'Hy-Bruin Archoill', 'the clan of Brian of 

Archoill'. Later the name became 'Munth Bim', (nowMinterburn), or 'the country 

of Brian'. In the late mediaeval period it came under the lordship of a branch of 

the powerful O'Neills, one of whom, JohnBuidhe O'Neill is recorded in 1480 as 

having a castle at 'Kinard'. The CastIe stood on a rise dose to the present 

Cranogue House. It possessed strategic significanceand occurs frequently in 

accounts of battles between competing 

branch= of the O'Neills in the 1 5 ani ~ early 

16hcenturies, conflicts wMch also involved 

Lord Deputy Kildare, a kinsman of one of 

these septs. In 1650he handed jurisdiction 

of the castle to his nephew, Turlough 

Luineach Oweill who, shortly after, passed it 

on to his brother,John. Unlike Turlough, 

who had 'residences' elsewhere,Johnlived in 

the Castle, establishing a stronghold for his 

descendants for the next century and a half. 

Sir Henry Oge O'Neill-the late 16" century 

In the latter years of the 1500s,Muntir Birn was under the lordship of one of its 

most able rulers, Henry Oge O'Neill, a son-in-law of Hugh O'Neill-the Earl of 

Tyrone-the most powerful of Ulster's Gaelic magnates. Because of his kinship to 

Tyrone and the location of his territory, Henry Oge was dragged into the Nine Years 

War, His allegiance was never wholehearted, however and by the early 1600s he 

had become a supporter of Queen Elizabeth. In reward for his services he was 

knighted and received a royal grant of his ancestral lands "at the rent of one horse 

and two spurs, or 40 shillings at election, payable at Michaelmas."

In September 1607,Hugh Oweill, the Eaxl of Tyrcomel and other Gaelic lords left 

for the Continent, hoping to establish contact with King Philip of Spain and win 

back their lands from the English Crown. This 'Fight of the Wls' left large tracts of 

land open for settlement and control by 'plantation'. 

The last of the O'NeiUs-the 

first half of the 17thcentury 

Muntir Birn, like other areas in the hands of loyal Gaelic lords, was exempt from 

the grand scheme of 'The First Plantation of Ulster'. Muntir Bim was split into 

varying portions, the largest of which, the 'Manor of Kinard', was granted to 

Catherine Hovenden, the mother of Sir Phelim O'Neill. She was daughter-in-law of 

Sir Henry-killed in the service of the 

A * . ~ 0 . 

English--and administered the grant during 

fdirel.*l 

Phelim's minority. The Grant contained the 

right to hold a weekly market at Kinaxd as 

well as an annual fair, on the lothof June. 

b 

This fragmentation of Muntir Birn proved 

short-lived,however. Upon attaining his 

majority, PheLim embarked upon a process 

whereby he gained control of the other 

L lands, granted to his relatives;by the late 

1620s, by an apparent mixture of ambition, 

money and force of personality, Phelim had 

I amassed all of his 

former 

territory. This situation appears to have 

C 

L 

been quietly accepted by the Stuart 

Government which, almost 30 years 

afterwards, in 1629 vested in hih the lands 

contained within Sir Henry's original grant.

Sir Phelim, who became MP for Dungannon, regrettably was unable to carefulIy 

manage his estates and this, coupled with an extravagant lifestyle, ran him into 

debt. By the later 1630s,however, his financial affairshad become precarious. It 

was because of these problem~oupledwith the emergence of Province-wide 

religious and political tensions in the wake the Plantation-that this 'lightdesperate 

young gentleman' was induced to rise in rebellion in 1641. 'The 1641 Rebellion' was 

an eventwhich proved the touch paper for a general rising of the disgruntled 

Ulster Gaels and the beginning of a decade of warfare in Ireland. 

Throughout the rising and the ensuing conflict, 

Phelim Oweill played a leading &le. Muntir Birn 

and the castle of Kinard were witness ta much 

incident during the 1640s. After being taken 

prisoner, Lord Charlemont, Toby CaulfeildIwas 

shot in the back-by Phelim's foster-brother, 

Edrnund Boy O'Hugh-t the gates of the castle, in 

early 1642. The castle and village were attacked 

and burned. 

Il 

W,p- to,W. 

In 1649, with the arrival of Thornas Cromwell in 

Ireland and the defeat of the Irish cause at the 

hands of MSParliamentariantroops during the 

early 1650~~ Phelim O'MeilI 'thechive traytor of all 

Ireland', became a fugitive. He was betrayed, while 

hiding on the crannog at Roughan Lough. From 

there he was taken to Dublin and an March 

1653 he was executed, his lands at Muntir Birn 

being confiscated.

The Hamiltons and after-mid 1 7 to ~ late 18~ 

century 

Muntir Birn was not disposed of until after the Restoration. In 

1667,possession was granted to Captain WiUam Hamilton of 

Lurgacullion. Hamilton was a distant relative of the Abercorn 

family and as a loyal officer, had fought in Ireland, Scotland and 

' o-ro 

I 

England. He built himself a house close to Kinard. The house and :, ,, 

the estate lands became known as 'Caledon'. As the estate village. 

,#4- 

Kinard also eventually adopted the name. 

By the third generation of Hamiltons, the Caledon estate passed to William's 

grandaughter, Margaret. In 1738 she married JohnEbyie, Sm Earl of Orrery* Orrery, 

was an improving landlord who wrote that "...treesare the best monument that a 

man can erect to his own memoty..." He was the biographer of JonathanSwift and a 

friend of Dr Johnson. He constructed a folly-like 'bone house' in the garden 

(actually faced with ox bones) which is the only element of his garden 

ornamentationto still sunive. 

'. .m 

On the death of his kinsman, Richard, 

the Earl of Corke, in 1753 Orrery 

became 'Earl of Corke and Orrery'. 

Margaret died in 1758 and with the 

death of the Earl himself in 1762, the 

Caledon estate passed to their son, 

Edmund. He is noted for being a 

spendthrift, "devoted to the most wretched 

voluptuousness" who lived mostly in 

Gloucestershire. 

Rev JohnWesIey-the founder of 

Methodism and friend of Canon 

Congreave, the incumbent of Caledon-

visitedin 1769,preathed at the church 

and staydat Congreave's rectory, 

located an the opposite side of the 

Dungamon Road fromthe church. He 

paid a secund vlsit, two years later, on 

2PJune,when "...a little kad 

latelypmd, 

m 

whlch he peached in the open ak He 

m e a third time in 1785, by which 

time he had use of a 'p- house? 

alive toM'**" 

The Alexanders and the development of Caledon 

Almost a decade before Wesley's third visit, Caledon estate had again changed 

ownership. Edmund, Earl of Corke and Orrery, had sold it to James Alexander in 

1776,for 696,400- The new landlord was the second son of Alderman Nathaniel 

Alexander, of Londonderry. He had made a fortune in the service of the East India 

Company during the 1750s and 60s,returning to Ireland in 1772-worth 

probably 

over U50,000.With this money, he accumulated estates in counties Antrim, 

Armagh, Donegal, Londonderry and mone, including Caledon. In 1779 he built a 

cIassical mansion, designed by Thomas Cooley. Jamessat as MP for Londonderry 

between 1774 and 1790 and was sheriff of wane (1780)and Armagh (1781). In 

1790, he was elevated to the peerage as 'Baron Caledon', becoming 'Viscount' in 

1797 and finally, 'Earl' in 1800. 

JamesAlexander died in 1802 and was succeeded by his son, Du Pre. From 1806 to 

1811, the Znd Earl served as the first Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, where the 

'Caledon River' and the 'District of Caledon' are named after him. During his 

absence he commissioned JohnNash to extend Caledon House; the house was 

further added-to by Thomas Duff, in 1833.

By the time of the first Ordnance Survey, in 1834, Caledon had been tramformed 

from a "meanvillage') into an attractive and thriving settlement. The main impetus 

for this transformation seems to have occurred in1816,when the village became 

the headquaxtersofthe Royal Tprone Militia. This enhanced both Caledon's 

standing and its economic prospects. The 2DdEarl-who was Colonel of the 

Militiwbarked on a rebuilding programme of the village. The Earl made 

'additions and improvements' to St John's Church of Ireland, in 1828 and the 

growingPresbyterian andMethodist congregations added their own places of 

worship to the village in 1824 and 1834, the latter *...at a wstof&108.00, GO.00 of 

which was depayed by the congregadott, the remainder by Lord CaIedun...* To the west, 

some dme after 1825, Dromorragh Lough was drained and close by, in a symbolic 

sweeping away of the last vestiges of old Kinard, the remains of the O'Neill fortified 

residence were removed. On the east side of Main Street, Bank and Estate Terraces 

were completed, prior to 1834. At the southern end of the street, at a cost of 

&3,000,the complex which includes the 'neat and substantial" Courthouse, hotd 

and dispensary, had been 

built in 182Sit is 

believed to designs by 

Warn Murray. 

Adjoining this to the 

south, the large house 

formerly belonging to the 

Pringle family was refitted 

foruse as the 

headquarters of the 

militia itself. In 1823,the 

Flour Mill was built

In the Ordnance Survey map of 1834, 

Caledon had taken on its present plan 

and road layout. It had also reached 

what-in many respects-was to be its 

heyday: the compilers of the Ordnance 

Survey Memoirs were among many 

impressed visitors. They reported that 

Lord Caledon was "...sparingno expense 

in impmvementsnand that the village 

had "apleasing regular appearance...the 

predominance of slated mfi and the 

regularity of ifs masonry hiving it] fiom 

some points the appearance rather of the 

porfion of a large town than the entire of a 

village..." Its mainly limestone-builtand 

two storey houses, displayed a 

"...peculiar neatness..." The new flourm1l1 

was "..among the most extensive of 

the class in the kingdom..,",grinding 

9000 tons of wheat annually and 

supplying "...the country from Belfast to 

Lough Erne..." There was a market every 

Saturday, they further reported and 

monthly fairs; the "...mt barrack..." 

housed 24 militiamen and the hotel and 

post house were both "...excellent...". 

The valuation returns of December 1836 

reveal just how prosperous Caledon was 

during this period, with 99 out of its 

125 buildings above the then rateable 

threshold of C3. Not many other rural 

centres of the time could boast such a 

statistic.

By 1837, the residents numbered welI 

over 1,000and according to Lewis' 

Topog.rophica1Didionmy, published that 

year, Caledon ",..was, before 1816, a 

mean Irillage..." but now is "...one ofthe 

best Wilt towns in the North of Ireland..." 

h a fitting tribute to the "highZy 

praisewudly dons" of the 2ndEarl on 

the behalf of the community, they 

erected a monumental column to his 

memory shortly after his death in 1839, 

The later 19&century to the present 

Despite the death of its energetic patron and the departure of the militia in 1855, 

Caledon continued to prosper. The Ulster CanaI, constructed circa 1837-40,passed 

close to the village and though the building boom witnessed under the Znd Earl 

slowed, a new school was erected in 1852,with the picturesque houses of Mill 

Terrace constructedin circa 1860. h the mid-lgthcentury, the estate is recorded as 

being over 29 thousand acres in extent. A branch of the Belfast Bank was 

established at No 4 Bank Terrace, prior to 1870. 

The Flourmill, which by this date aIso operated as a flax mill, closed in 1879. It 

reopened in 1880 as a factory for the manufacture of wooIlen and tweed cloth. 

The village was given a further boost in 1887 when it became part of the Clogher 

Valley Tramway network. Visitors continued to be impressed, Slater's Directoty of 

1870 noting the village's "...well built. .pleasing appearance..." and proclaiming that 

it was "...equalled by few towns of ib size, in the north of Ireland, fbr beauty and 

clean1iness..." The OmaghAlmanac and COW neDirectory extolled "...the charm of 

its surroundings, the exceIlmce of its buildings and the general neatness of its aspect..."

The Clogher Valley Railway 

The Clogher Valley Railway" started life as the "Cbgher Valley 

Tmmwr. Itformed 37 miles (52 h)of the h e m twosides 

of a rectangle, between Tynan and Maguiresbridge. The first 

(southern) two side hadalready ben laid down and completed 

int858 as The DundalkandEnnisknlenRailway'. On the tramway 

route, Caledon was the first stop after Tynan. 

TheTramwaysand Public Companies (Ireland) Act, 1883 provided 

the legislat& stimulus for the route. It related to 'tramways' 

which shared or ran parallel to public d hfact, it folW 

transatlantic and New Zealand practice of running the tracltr 

through the main W b of towns. In the autumn of 1883, the 

promoters decided on a track of 3 feet gauge and in December, 

the Clogher Valley Tramway Company was incorporated. Its 

promotional Me?farecast that special trains would run " .on 

fair and marketdays to take up petsons with baskets at any place 

an the road.* 

Tenders for construction were sought in 1885 and the first sod 

ceremonially cut on 1"june od that year. The succwmJ contmcbr 

was the Belfast firm of McCrea and McFarland; in April they 

submitted the successful tender of f32,000. Constructionwas 

not without mishap, however and at the end of the contract, the 

firm sought an additional E10,OOQ (reduced to f7,000) for 

'additions and deletions'; McCtea and McFarlands' eventual bill 

came to f40,346 13s 1Dd. fhe Clogher Valley Tramway was 

opened on Monday 2* May 1887. The H(gh Sheriff of Tpne, 

Major Mervyn Knox-Brown& Aughentaine Cartle--officiated. 

In Caledon, as in sewral settlements en route, the railway ran 

along the main streetin Caledon's case, on its east side. From 

there, itmadeasweepingturn andleft Main 5- at Rrst by the 

north side of Derrycourtmey Road-the road to Aughnacloy (see 

1907 Ordnance Surwy map). Although there was no station in 

the village, Caledon's sole brick building, built in Main Street in 

about 1890, is annotated "station" on the OrdnanceSuwqmap. 

Itwas used, however, as a parcelsagency and for passengers, to 

await the trains' arrival in indement weather. 

After leaving Tynan, from the bridgecrosslng the River Blackwater, 

"the train had two 1-in-31 ascents; these raised it 39 feet in 370 

lineal yards, up to Main Street, Caledon." There, it made 2 

absolute stops-first, opposite the Courthouse to pick up 

passengers-and again at the parcels office. 

By the time the 

tramway was 

built, the mill in 

Caledon had 

been in existence 

for over half r 

century. 

Unfortunately, 

apparently 

immutable 

transport 

arrangements (by wagon to Tynan stadon) were already In place 

and the CVT was unable to gain advantage of its proximity to the 

mill and its connectionwith the main line railway. 

A major changeoccurred in the mid-1890s: as a trumway,the system 

was unableto wail of 'through ticketlng'-to-and-from the valleybyway 

of the Railway Clearing House System. BoardofTrade samctim 

was obtainedto change Fts name: the 'Report of the Directanto the 

Shareholders' of 31" March 1894 advised that Your undertaking is 

really a railway and not a tramway...* At an ECM on the P July,the 

shareholders conflrmed the proposal and from 1P luly 1894 ,the 

Clogher Valley T r n w became tfie Clogher Valley RaiAwy. 

Two forms of tractor rolling stock ran on the CWk first, 'tank1-type 

steam engines which--for the benefit of the drivers' visibilitytravelled 

backwards, pulling a carriage, and goods wagons at the 

tail; second, from the end of the 1920s and the coalstrike inEngland, 

diesel railcars were introduced. They wee the brainchild of Henry 

Forbes, who was General Manager with the Donegal Railway and 

was responsible for their introduction there. Following the Killen 

Report, Forbw and Robert Darragh (of the Beifast and Northern 

Counties Railway) were appointed to a Committee of Managemwrt, 

formed from the two County Councils. The railcars comprised a 

tractor/&ge of the appearanceof a contemporarybusbody, with 

a long bonnet, but of a larger scale. As the steam engines, they 

frequently pulled a goods wagon. 

Throughoutits brief Me, almost invariablythe Clogher Valley Railway 

ran at a loss. In 1942 it dosed, after a chequered history of only 55 

pars. lronicall~swith all of Ireland's Narrow Gauge Railwayshad 

it been able to be maintained up until recent years, doubtless 

now the *ern would be attracting narrow-gaugeenthusiastsfrom 

all ovw the world ...

I 

The Clogher ValleyRailway, as it passed through 

the village. 

Tn the latter decades of the century, 

the 4thEarl stocked the parklands 

around CaIedon House with black 

bear and wapiti, brought from his 

days, ranching and hunting,in the 

United States. 

By 1891 Caledon could still boast the 

relatively high population of 800 and 

a new 'Arts and Crafts'National School 

was built in 1907, but by 1910 

numbers had dropped to 610 and to 

540 by the 1940s, a decline hastened 

by the closure of the woollen mill in 

1930 and the Clogher Valley Railway 

in 1941. By 1971, the population had 

fallen to approximately 360. At the 

beginning of the 21" century the 

village has assumed the r81e of a 

dormitory settlement, providing a 

small number of shops and 

community facilities locally, but 

looking towards Armagh for the bulk 

of its employment and services. In 

spite of its decline in fortunes, 

however, Caledon still retainsmuch of 

its late Georgian character and 

appearanceand the picturesque charm 

which so impressedvisitors in the lgth 

century.

Caledon Conservation Area Booklet September 2003

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