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doi:10.1595/147106711X554071 •Platinum Metals Rev., 2011, 55, (2)• intermediates which are of general relevance to C–H activation. The concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) is identical to AMLA-6. Esteban P. Urriolabeitia (University of Zaragoza, Spain) reported stoichiometric and catalytic regioselective C–H functionalisations including a palladium-catalysed oxidative etherification of iminophosphoranes. Finally, a combined theoretical and experimental study on the use of ruthenium vinylidene complexes as catalysts for carbon–oxygen bond formation was presented by Jason M. Lynam (University of York, UK). The role of carboxylate ‘acetate’ ligands was discussed, and a variant of the AMLA/CMD mechanism proposed, namely the ligandassisted-proton shuttle (LAPS) (Scheme V). The fifth session was chaired by Anthony Haynes (The University of Sheffield, UK). Professor Zhang-Jie Shi (Peking University, China) gave an interesting presentation, particularly the unusual results of a ‘metal-free’ coupling of an aryl halide with an arene using potassium tert-butoxide and 1,10-phenanthroline (4). Dai Davies went on to present alkyne insertion reactions of cyclometallated pyrazole and imine complexes of iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, with emphasis on establishing substrate/catalyst/product correlations through detailed structural and spectroscopic studies. The last speaker of the session, Xavi Ribas (Universitat de Girona, Spain), discussed reductive elimination from a ‘model’ aryl–Cu(III)–halide species which was triggered by a strong acid, and its relevance to the mechanism of Ullmann-type couplings (Scheme VI). C–H Activation The sixth session was chaired by Professor Peter Scott (The University of Warwick, UK), and the first invited lecture was from Professor Robin Bedford (University of Bristol, UK). Bedford presented an introduction to the field of ‘C–H activation’, and went on to discuss mild and selective ‘solvent-free’ aromatic C–H functionalisation/halogenation reactions catalysed by Pd(OAc) 2 . The second lecture was given by Professor Fairlamb on surface-catalysed H N O Pd(OAc) 2 , p-TsOH, butyl acrylate, p-benzoquinone H N O CO 2 Bu Scheme IV. Alkenylation chemistry (top); ambiphilic metal ligand activation (AMLA) and concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanisms for carbon–hydrogen activation (bottom) Oxidative addition σ-Bond metathesis Ambiphilic metal ligand activation (AMLA) L n M R R’ H + L n M R R’ H + L n M R X H + L n M R O H R’ O + AMLA-4 AMLA-6* R’ = H, hydrocarbyl, boryl X = heteroatom with lone pair(s) *AMLA-6 is essentially identical to concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) O O Ru H R O O [Ru] H R [Ru] O C O R H Scheme V. Ligandassisted-proton shuttle (LAPS) mechanism [Ru]=Ru(κ 2 -OAc)(PPh 3 ) 2 94 © 2011 Johnson Matthey
doi:10.1595/147106711X554071 •Platinum Metals Rev., 2011, 55, (2)• X + H N Cu III ( ) 3 N CF 3 SO 3 H (1.5 equiv), CH 3 CN, 298 K,
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